How to tamp crushed stone without a vibration plate. Sand tamping technology for the foundation

How to tamp crust stone manually? All about tractors and special equipment

Crushed stone is one of the most popular building materials. At the same time, without compaction, its use will only worsen the properties of the object being built.

Manual sealing is relevant in the implementation of small volumes of repair and construction work. Various devices are used to perform it:

• To a wooden beam with a cross section of 100×100 mm (or 150×150 mm), horizontal bars that perform the functions of the handles are nailed on top. Its lower part is upholstered in a steel sheet. Such a device is raised up and sharply lowered to the gravel surface. Due to the small area of ​​contact of the adaptation and the gravel layer of work, they move slowly.
• A metal head is attached to the bottom of the beam with a cross section of 100×100 mm. This is a more effective option compared to the tool described above.
• A durable and effective is a metal tool designed for tamping crushed stone with your own hands. A stand and sole cooked together. But it is difficult for them to work, since the metal, unlike wood, does not extinguish vibration. In this case, special vibration gloves come to the rescue.

Another way to independently compact crushed stone on the site is to use a passenger car:

• A crushed stone layer is filled onto the site, it is thoroughly leveled.
• The car moves along the site in different directions until the gravel base is evenly tamped.
• If shallow ruts have formed in some places, they are covered with rubble, and then the platform will continue to tamp.

Construction of houses

See also: Vibrotrams (35 photos): diesel vibrors for soil compaction and other tamping

It is quite difficult to imagine any construction process without the use of crushed stone. It is used when creating the foundation, kneading concrete solution, forming garden paths, organizing landscape design, laying access roads and highways. The article will talk about the basics of sealing crushed stone.

The product of crushing rocks is used to arrange the so.Called pillow, which performs the following functions:

• Alignment of the basis before further work;
• Giving hardness to slightly carrying soils;
• Protection of buildings from the negative effects of moisture;
• Increased resistance under high loads.

In any case, the quality of the crushed stone base directly depends on the physical and technical indicators of the material. It will not work to determine by the appearance of the characteristics, they are indicated in accompanying documents, certificates.

A variety of crushed stone

This loose material is carried out by passing boulders through crushing equipment. At the output, a stone of various fractions from 05 to 4070 mm is obtained at the output. Size determines the scope of application. For domestic construction, mainly used crushed stone 520 and 2040 mm.

• Granite. It is characterized by high natural strength and the ability to withstand multidirectional loads;
• Limestone. In hardness is practically not inferior to granite rubble. However, it is much cheaper. Perfect for the construction of housing;
• Slag. Such material is obtained from the waste of metallurgical production. The cost is much lower than the above types of gravel. But due to harmful impurities in its composition, the scope is quite limited;
• Secondary. Crushed stone is made from construction waste (fragments of brick, asphalt or concrete). Of course, the secondary processing of the material is not distinguished by high indicators, and therefore it is not suitable for all types of work.

The coefficient of crushed stone seal

With independent construction, everyone faced a problem such as a shortage or excess material. The ability to calculate the required quantity is an important aspect of any process. For household needs, average values ​​are often used.

To calculate the volume, you need to know:

• The required thickness of the pillow after tamping. Typically, this indicator is 0.2 or 0.25 m;
• Crushing crushing the seal coefficient. 1.3. The parameter is true for most fractions compacted through mechanized tools;
• The specific gravity of the bulk material, which is indicated in the certificate. For convenience of calculation, take a weight of 1.5 t/m. Cube characteristic of ordinary crushed stone.

So, knowing all the components of the equations, we calculate the material for 1 square meter of styling: 0.25×1.3×1.5 = 0.4875 tons.

Why is the release of crushed stone

All newcomers in construction are asked about compaction with the question of compaction. Indeed, in theory, the stone itself is strong in itself and it is quite enough to rede it and you can proceed to the next stage of work. However, everything is not so simple.

• Crushed stone is obtained by crushing, during which the edges of the grains acquire a free form. When filling the material between each element, air voids are formed that reduce the resistance level under loads.
• The tight fit of individual fragments reduces the risk of their “walking”. After all, after the density of the soil with gravel, the voids disappear or significantly decrease in volumes. Thus, an additional supply of foundation is created.
• Rocky soil can be considered as an exception that serves as the basis for construction. In this case, it is quite enough to level the crushed stone embankment for subsequent work: laying tiles, pouring concrete mixture, etc.D.
• In other conditions, gravel should not only lie on the ground, but be compacted, forming a single plane. The dense filling of the space between the grains of soil particles will give the necessary monolist.
• The thickness of the compacted layer can be different from 50 to 250 mm. The stock coefficient for the seal of crushed stone determines the subsequent load on the base (passing vehicles, pedestrians, the weight of the structure, etc.D.).
• A separate line can be distinguished by the arrangement of the crushed stone base. The method consists in several stages. Using gravel of different fractions. First, take large material and compacted, then pour smaller crushed stone and compacted again, fine layer is fine.Fractional material and the final rolling of the surface is carried out.

Crushed stone seal

In the absence of special vibrational equipment, people’s craftsmen use the funds made by their own hands. Of course, with such a seal, good physical preparation is needed. Manual tamping is relevant with small volumes of work.

• There are many options for how to make a device. Of them the most primitive beam is 100×100 mm. You can take wood with a large section, thus increasing the area covered for compaction.
• The length of the beam is selected based on the convenience of use, more often the human chest is taken as a basis. The lower end of the tool is bound by a galvanized sheet. In the upper part, handles of wooden pegs or metal rods are mounted on both sides.
• The method of work is quite simple. The beam rises by the handles to the maximum height and with force drops onto the crushed stone base. Multiple repetition of these movements in a certain direction will lead to the desired result.

How to tamp sand yourself?

The essence of the method of tamping with water is to water the soil and “force” all its particles to lie down in the most dense manner. A similar seal, in principle, you can achieve leaving the embankment to lie down a year or two. Then the rains and spring melting of snow will give the right waterlogging and the sand itself will be compacted (soil self.Seal).

• The operator must be behind the unit, bend over working equipment is prohibited.
• If necessary, the operator must quickly switch for a vibrotrack, turning it around with one hand.
• The duration of operation without a break is indicated in the passport.

Methods

In order to carry out preparatory work for the construction, a sand pillow can be formed in various methods. Their choice directly depends on what tool is in equipment, how large the area of ​​the working surface is, as well as which requirements for the level of the density of the sand substrate are presented.

Distinguish several methods of performing work related to sand traffic.

• A machine is used on an independent move, which with the help of its wheels will trim sand. Sometimes a trailer type special equipment is used, equipped with rustling rollers, with which laying a layer.By.Layer tamping in several aisles is produced.
• Using a lifting crane, slabs are dumped to the work site, the weight of which is up to 2 tons.
• Sand can be tamped with a vibration plate. A special mechanical device.
• With the help of a channel or a wide beam, sand can be tamped without a vibration plate, that is, manually.

The selection of mechanized methods of tamping of bulk material depends on the convenience for the operation of specialized equipment, the availability of access roads for it and the required sandpaper thickness required by the project. In large areas, work is performed using auto.Tags, and small areas are processed by self.Propelled rinks. If you need to compact the sand in a very small limited space, manual tamping may well be suitable for this case.

In order to qualitatively perform the tamping of sandy bulk material, several passages are made using the tool on the same working surface, and the movements of the tamping are performed in the spiral direction. This is how the guarantee can be sure that the unprocessed areas of the substrate surface will not remain. If, after compacting, the material sagged strongly, it is possible to add sand to those areas where it is clearly not enough. For a denser compression of sand particles, it is regularly watered with water, which helps to push air between grains of sand.

Slimation is performed by dumping monolithic heavy slabs if the pillow consists of clay and sand of a dusty fraction. Such substrates contain air in their multiple cavities, which, under the weight of the monolith, comes to the surface. The stove with special equipment rises to a height of 2 meters and is dumped on the working surface flat. This method allows you to work out a clay-sand mixture to a depth of 1.5-2 meters. Usually resorted to this way when the basis is prepared for the foundation of the capital construction.

The workflow of this type is carried out in continuous mode, but at a fast pace. This continues until the necessary result is achieved.

To the manual method of forming a layer of sand, they resort to when the processed area is small, and the thickness of the layer of sand is small. To solve such a problem, the tool is made from improvised materials. Take a beam from wood, a wide base in the form of a wooden or steel plate is perpendicular to it perpendicular to it. Two parts fastening places are securely fixed using a hardware fastener or weld. The result of the work should be a strong design for manual labor. It has a lot of weight, but a person can lift it and perform frequent strokes on the sand. To make the work more efficiently and faster, the horizontal plate is specially weighed with additional metal plates or pouring cement.

Laying tiles using vibration placers. Stages and features of the process

The process of production and laying of paving slabs is a comprehensive event. To fulfill it, it is necessary to fulfill clear rules, therefore, the installation of tiles should be carried out exclusively by professional masters.

Stage No. 1. Preparation.

This stage is the main one, since the well.Being of the following stages depends on the quality of training. Decide on the contours and distribute special beacons. To do this, it is necessary to take into account all the irregularities, angles, slopes and so on.

Stage No. 2. Layout.

At the planning stage, the upper layer of soil is removed and the leveling layer is creeping. Crushed stone or gravel is usually used to align the surface.

Stage No. 3. Installation of drainage and slopes.

So that the base of the tile is not exposed to moisture, the drainage layer is made waterproof. All moisture should be diverted into the ground through the supporting layer.

Stage No. 4. Installation of borders.

The installation of borders is designed to fix paving slabs, they limit the tile, as a result of which it does not spread and does not deform.

Stage No. 6. Laying paving slabs.

At this stage, it is important to very accurately lay out the first row of tiles. You can control the correct position of the plates using the level

An important factor is also favorable weather (lack of frost and precipitation).

Stage number 7. Sealing.

At the final stage, the process of compaction of paving slabs is necessary. This process is carried out by special equipment. Vibration plate.

Manual tamping. Good tool. Personal experience

Manual tamping, device, working techniques, performance. Sand tamping when setting floors.

Trombovka for laying paving stones manually.

When arranging in houses on the ground, a non.Rigid underlying layer is necessarily arranged. It includes two layers. They are poured over gravel or crushed stone, each layer moisturizes and trim. For adding, use, as well as for the foundation, river sand or washed career. To achieve uniformity of thickness, pegs are installed, after they are removed.

Laying paving slabs.

When the pedestrian roads, alleys and paving slabs are also paved, sand pouring is also necessarily used. The first and final layers of pillow under the paving stones are made from it. Between them, crushed stone is used as a layer. All layers of the cake for tiles according to the requirements of the technology are tightly trimmed, to achieve the best result periodically moisturizes.

For adding, take the sifted river material. The thickness of its layers is determined depending on the depth of the trench, the height of the element of the road surface. Often you have to shoot priming to greater depth due to heaving, other problems that do not allow the soil to become a reliable basis for installation paving slabs. In these cases, the sand must be poured a lot and thoroughly trim it. The finish layer is made about 7 cm, often dry cement is added to it.

Sealing technique. Selection and supply of professional power tools

The driving force of the vibration plate. Engine. It is on the type of installed engine and its power that the speed of movement of the vibration plate and centrifugal force (impact force) will depend, which in turn determines the effectiveness of the material compaction.

As previously mentioned, the engine in vibration pins can be electric, diesel or gasoline 4-stroke. It is installed on a separate strong frame, which is two parallel passing steel guides. This whole design is connected to the sole of the vibration plate through shock absorbers. In the center or nose of the sole is a vibration engine, inside which the shaft rotates. This rotation creates a centrifugal force, due to which the base of the vibrating plate begins to vibrate. Thus, the vibration necessary for compaction is created. It forces the technique to move, so even a very heavy vibration plate can easily be controlled by one person. Fuel vibration stamps are launched using a manual or electric starter. A vibration.Resistant battery is a power source of power starter (in rare cases, a connector with the ability to connect a 220V network). To facilitate their launch, a special centrifugal coupling serves to reduce the load when starting to a minimum.

In order to make The right choice of vibration stations, The following parameters must be taken into account:

A gasoline or electric vibration plate will last you much longer if you follow these tips and rules of use:

Store vibration storage in a dry closed room, having previously cleaned the equipment from dirt and dust. If the stove has a irrigation system, then it is necessary to clean the sprayer from the water so that it does not stagnate.

If you prepare fuel vibrations for long.Term storage (more than 30 days), then you must be drained from the tank, clean the air filters, drain the water from the handling barrel. In addition, a gasoline or diesel engine is specially prepared for long.Term storage, the procedure for the necessary work is described in detail in the instructions for each model of technology.

Manufacturers also advise covering vibration storage with dry dense storage material.

Rules for working with vibration placers

The vibrating plate is installed on the edge of the sealing site. Then the engine is launched and warmed up, following the instructions (it is attached to each model). On average, 3-5 minutes of idling are required to warm up the engine. When the engine warms up, it is transferred to the maximum speed, while the centrifugal coupling will automatically turn on and betray the vibration on the base of the stove. Further, a layer of material or soil is compacted with a vibration plate to the required state, for this the plate passes on its surface several times (depending on the thickness of the layer and material). After the desired result is achieved, the engine speed is reduced to idle, while the centrifugal clutch automatically ceases to transfer vibration to the base. Then the engine turns off.

The plate is moved to a new site by wheels if it is not far, or transported to cargo equipment.

Vibrogram. Compact construction equipment for the seal of soil and bulk materials, similar to the principle of action with a vibrating plate, but having less weight and dimensions. It is used in conditions where there is no way to work with a rink or vibro.Fuel. Small sites, ditches, floors, angles, trenches, etc.D. Vibrogram is used when piles, laying communications, preparing the soil for various work.

Varieties of vibrors

All vibrotracks can be divided into three types depending on the type of engine that is installed in them:

Electric vibrram It works from the network at 220/380V, does not create harmful exhausts, has a small weight, low noise level and is suitable for use in closed rooms;

Gasoline vibrotrambovka. Is characterized by high power and performance, mobile, is effective in construction sites where there is no power supply;

Diesel Vibrogram. Also has high power and is designed for a large amount of work. The tamping of this type is durable and economical in use. Suitable for work without breaks for a long time.

Depending on the type of work There are two types of devices:

If it is supposed to work with loose soils, then you should prefer the first option. But for viscous mixtures (concrete, asphalt, etc.) the second type of equipment will be more effective.

When choosing, the weight of the tool should also be taken into account. It is this indicator that largely determines the choice, since the capabilities of equipment are mainly determined by its weight. Depending on the weight, there are light, universal, moderate and heavy vibrrams. Devices weighing up to 75 kg are suitable for landscaping and laying paving slabs. If the soil tamping to a depth of 25 cm is required, then it is necessary to purchase a universal vibrating plate. Mednescent and heavy devices are used for road surface device.

Basic characteristics when choosing vibrors

Tamp the sand without a vibration plate

In the process of laying paving slabs, there is a very important nuance of sand tamping. Properly prepared base for tiles. The key to its long operation.

About the ways of raming sand for tiles and about which sand they put the paving slabs we will see later.

Porcelain tile: the sphere of implementation and dignity of the material can be placed paving slabs on the sand: methods of laying material which sand is better for laying paving slabs than to trample the sand for tiles: features of the installation of sand for tiles are paving sidemic tiles: the sphere of implementation and the dignity of the material

The extensive spread of paving slabs is explained by the practicality and durability of its implementation. This material, subject to the technology of its installation, will last for you for many years.

In addition, paving slabs are used in the public building. It finish the tracks in parks and squares, sites in front of schools, hospitals, hypermarkets. The tile coating is 10 times stronger, if a concrete or asphalt coating.

There are a couple of options for paving slabs, depending on the method of its production. 1st and most popular type of tile-a coating made by a means of vibropress installation. The production process is in the preparation of a cement mortar, its installation in special forms that determine its size and thickness.

Later, the process of pressing the solution begins directly, during which air bubbles are removed from the consistency and it receives a suitable fortress. At the end of pressing, the tile is placed in a heat stove and is drying drying.

Later it is cut into the desired forms and prepared for sale. It is possible to produce tiles with your own hands with a vibrating stress. With such criteria, the last drying process in the heat stove is not done. The material dries outdoors. If the tile is stained in a suitable color, then the dye is added directly at the moment the solution is made. Such tiles have a surface with small roughnesses.

The 2nd type of tile is made by vibrating. This material is more attractive aesthetically, due to the smoothness of the surface, for its production, not counting the cement mortar, various kinds of additives are used that increase the plasticity of the solution and its operational characteristics.

In addition, the ratio with the composition of the tiles for sidewalks is not uniqueness:

• Cement. For the production of which a solution of water, sand and cement is used;
• Stone. Mined from pebbles, such as sandstone, granite, etc.D.

On its own side, in relation to the processing method, tiles are not uniqueness of chopped and cut. The 1st version is cheaper, but the least convenient to operate. It’s not just to walk on such tiles and it is unsafe to drive vehicles. The cut tiles have even edges and is simply installed, forming at the same time an even coating.

In the midst of the advantages of the introduction of paving slabs as a finishing material, we note:

One. Excellent performance. Such tiles, with true care, constant pouring of sand into the gaps between tiles, a couple of decades will last for you.

The possibility of partial dismantling or replacing the crumpled material. As necessary, in the performance of work on laying communications, the tile is simply removed and installed back. If you need to change a pair of tiles, then it is quite easy to do it.

Resistance to negative environmental factors. Paving slabs is resistant to transformation of temperature, moisture, sun, wind, etc.D. It is installed in various weather regions, regardless of the severity of their winters.

Easy installation of the material is completely possible to do it, not counting that new. The main rule, as it is necessary to install tiles. The correct preparation of the base for its laying.

Aesthetic attractiveness of the appearance. In the modern construction market, it can be purchased different in shape, color and texture paving slabs, which will become a real decoration of your site.

The ability to produce tiles with your own hands significantly reduces its cost. Having a vibration press on the site, you have the opportunity to make tiles at home.

The only shortage of paving slabs is through Chur a large cost, which in the process of its implementation pays off.

We seal crushed stone with a vibration plate

Home.Made installations can also be used here. You will need a trough made of metal, pipe, welding machine and sand.

The sealing of the material needs strict control, which gives reliability and safety. After sealing, the determination of quality is carried out by the device.

In advance, you need to do the analysis of the soil and the degree of focusing of soil waters. The quality of work depends on this. Otherwise, unpleasant consequences may be held out.

Tamp sand without vibration plate: the importance of rafting seals, methods of rammed in different conditions

Friends, Hello everyone! With you, the channel “Bath on 5” (Feringertop), my name is Dmitry Lukin, and today I want to tell and show how to tamp sand filling without special devices such as vibration fuels in an old good way. Shedding water.

My daughter immediately volunteered to help me in this matter. In the first seconds of the video at the end

In this way I triggered a pillow under the concrete plate of my bathhouse. Where I did not represent a vibrating plate and applied the “popular” method of soil compaction. The same time I planned to rent a vibration fuel, but I thought that you could show my readers and audience interesting content from the construction site! Therefore. An article plus video at the end!

The essence of the method of tamping with water is to water the soil and “force” all its particles to lie down in the most dense manner.

A similar seal, in principle, you can achieve leaving the embankment to lie down a year or two. Then the rains and spring melting of snow will give the right waterlogging and the sand itself will be compacted (soil self.Seal). But in reality, when the construction goes on and does not wait, you need to either the vibration plate, or (in its absence) use water shedding.

Daughter “stuck” in a waterlogged PGS and lost a boot!)) A frame from a video, which at the end

Daughter “stuck” in a waterlogged PGS and lost a boot!)) A frame from a video, which at the end

The video below more than once shows how, after waterlogging by the PGS, it turns into a liquid mass in which you fail and knit (my daughter even lost boots there), and after a short walk in this “slurry”, it settles and becomes very dense!

A frame from a video about water seal. The ASS settles and becomes dense. Video below

A frame from a video about water seal. The ASS settles and becomes dense. Video below

A “puddle” appears on the already compacted part, which is slowly growing. So, the plot behind the site is compacted all the necessary area of ​​the disposal.

A frame from a video where the accelerated pace shows how the soil settles (compacted) when shedding with water

There is a fragment in the video where I showed in accelerated mode how it settles (compacted) a sand-gravel mixture with abundant watering with water. Very clearly visible how the soil settles down!

My assistant in the sealing of the ASG with water!

My assistant in the sealing of the ASG with water!

Water spill is not complicated, sometimes even funny (we “played streams” with my daughter), but we need to tune in that there will be a lot of time and water will leave. This time I spilled a platform about 1111 meters (seized almost 40 m3 of a sand and gravel mixture) and spent it all day (shed a sutra until the evening). And at the same time, in my case there will be another layer of reference and another spill (already two layers at once).

Watch a short video of the entire process at an accelerated pace and the result from such a seal after drying out!

How he poured 65 tons of the PGS manually told here!

How to tamp crushed stone manually without the use of a vibration plate

Manual sealing is relevant in the implementation of small volumes of repair and construction work. Various devices are used to perform it:

• To a wooden beam with a cross section of 100×100 mm (or 150×150 mm), horizontal bars that perform the functions of the handles are nailed on top. Its lower part is upholstered in a steel sheet. Such a device is raised up and sharply lowered to the gravel surface. Due to the small area of ​​contact of the adaptation and the gravel layer of work, they move slowly.
• A metal head is attached to the bottom of the beam with a cross section of 100×100 mm. This is a more effective option compared to the tool described above.
• A durable and effective is a metal tool designed for tamping crushed stone with your own hands. A stand and sole cooked together. But it is difficult for them to work, since the metal, unlike wood, does not extinguish vibration. In this case, special vibration gloves come to the rescue.

Another way to independently compact crushed stone on the site is to use a passenger car:

• A crushed stone layer is filled onto the site, it is thoroughly leveled.
• The car moves along the site in different directions until the gravel base is evenly tamped.
• If shallow ruts have formed in some places, they are covered with rubble, and then the platform will continue to tamp.

We seal crushed stone with a vibration plate

Types of crushed stone

Crushed stone is produced using a crushing machine, by grinding boulders. A fraction stone is formed from 0-5 to 40-70 mm. In everyday life, crushed stone with dimensions of 5-20 and 20-40 mm is most often used in everyday life.

• Granite. High strength and frost resistance are characteristic, it can be purchased on the Nastroyke Net website;
• Limestone. Cheaper than a granite and excellent option for housing;
• Sklakovo. Formed from the waste production of metallurgy. The price is higher than limestone and granite crushed stone. The composition contains harmful impurities ;;
• Secondary. Obtained by processing the battle of brick or concrete;

When acquiring this material, you need to pay attention to the breaming. With a large content of flip grains, the strength of the final base is reduced during the construction of different objects.

Features of sand compaction

DIY sand tamping is distinguished by some nuances that should be considered when creating a strong base under a concrete slab.

First of all, it is worth determining the type of sand, which is best suited for these purposes. It is better to use gravel material, but it is not recommended to fall asleep for tamping finely fractional sand. The larger the grains, the greater the resistance to compression will have the base, due to which you can avoid the shrinkage of the future house or parking lots.

If you plan to build a monolithic structure, then it is best to give preference to river or career sand of the middle fraction. However, even in this case, groundwater will influence the underlying layer. Therefore, in order to prevent the process of erosion of the base, you need to put geotextiles on the bottom of the trench, and only then fill the sand.

In addition, before filling the sand, it must be sifted, since the presence of extraneous impurities (especially clay) can affect its properties. Follow the level of moisture in the material, the perfect consistency will be if you can roll a small ball from the sand, which will not be sprinkled immediately. Accordingly, the level of sand humidity should be in the range of 8-14%.

Accordingly, 50% of the successful laying of a gravel-sand pillow depends on the material itself, the remaining 50% falls on the equipment. As already mentioned early, specialized machines can be used for these purposes, but it is much cheaper to make a manual dimensor yourself.

How to compact sand without a vibration plate?

In early spring, when the temperature rises above the zero mark, summer cottages and personal plots begin to come to life. Someone is engaged in garden work and preparation for landings, and some started repairs or construction. As a rule, it does not do without excavation: then tamp the path under the tile, then strengthen the bottom in the ditch. Here, a vibrating plate made by yourself and in its own drawing will come to the rescue.

Methods of density of soil and sand

The creation of a dense sand layer is one of the main tasks of the stage of preparing the bases for screed or foundation structures, it is important to use the correct methods and tools for air overwhelming and compression of particles. The price when attracting professional companies depends on the depth of processing and other factors and varies from 70 to 900 rubles per 1 m2. The choice of a specific method determines the purpose of the layer, seized area and budget.

It is carried out in the preparation of sandy and finely dispersion soils before the construction of houses, filling the pillows for slab or strip foundations, the formation of a hard underlying layer when arranging floors on the soil or laying the base under the paving stones and fencing. Among the tasks they highlight:

• Protection of the constructed structures from frosty heaving and removal from them moisture.
• Alignment of the base and strengthening its stiffness.
• Prevention of deformation of structures under the influence of the load on compression and bending, eliminating the risk of their destruction during shrinkage processes.
• Obtaining a dense and stable layer separating the sole of the foundation or screed and straight soil.
• Elimination of voids and air distillation.

Review of the methods used, the choice of the best option

The following methods of preparation and sealing of the sand base are distinguished depending on the equipment and the direction of efforts:

• Rolls with rollers or wheels of self.Propelled or trailed construction equipment carried out for 1 or more calls.
• A weighing 1-2 ton with a lifting crane.
• Enrolling the vibration device.
• Manual tamping with an extended beam or channel with an attached stove.

When soils and sand seals, the desired effect is achieved due to the statistical pressure of rollers with a different capture width and weight from 10 to 25 tons for single.Axine self.Propelled varieties, up to 50 tons. Up to 100. In trailed trailers. Lighter models are involved in loose areas, they provide successful processing of a layer of 20-30 cm per passage. The most heavy and productive equipment is used for tamping 40-50 cm with width passing up to 30 at a time.

Introduction to Soil Compaction

The choice of a specific type of rink in addition to the thickness of the layer depends on the size of the site and the convenience of the entrance. Small self.Propelled rinks are good maneuverability, heavy semi.Trailers work only in conjunction with a tractor.

To achieve the optimal result, the tamping is carried out in several calls, most often-according to the spiral-ring pattern of traffic of rollers and consistent bedding of the missing bulk material. The advantage is the high quality of the preparation of sandy foundation pillows with a thickness of 20 to 50 cm (the impossible during manually), minus. The use of expensive equipment.

Trom bus method is selected if it is necessary to burn out air from coherent soils with voids or layers of dusty sand and clay. When it is implemented using a lifting crane or escalator, continuous plates weighing up to 2 m rises and throw off and throw off and throw off and throw off. Such a load allows you to process the base to a depth of 2 m, the maximum effect is achieved in the preparation of round or rectangular foundations of the plate type. The trim element remains attached to the arrow of the crane or escalator, the process is carried out continuously and quickly.

An analogue of the previous method is manual, chosen with a small thickness of the pillow or with its small area. The tool is easiest to make by stuffing a thick board to a wooden beam, welding or screwing a metal sheet to a channel or combining these materials.

The output should turn out a heavy, but manually raised expanded slab with a vertical handle. To enhance the effect, in contact with the soil, part is recommended to be buried with cement or metal.

The pluses include independence from expensive technology and the possibility of processing hard.To.Reach areas, and labor intensity. When driving, manually troching the air leaving more time and effort.

The use of vibrational equipment is recognized as the most popular and effective method: mechanical high.Frequency fluctuations help to make it as compressed and even as possible. For these purposes, a technique with different constructive execution and type of drive is selected, namely::

One. Vibrogram-compact and ergonomic tools that transfers the effects from a gasoline or electric drive to a relatively wide heel-a flat strip of compacted rubber with a width of 15-30 cm and up to 33 long. Their power and dimensions are different, but the principle remains unchanged. The impact is directed vertically. They are involved on any construction sites both in combination with rollers and plates, and in themselves, their use is especially relevant if it is impossible to move large.Sized equipment, for example, in trenches.

Vibration stations having a wider working platform and based on weight and performance divided into light, universal, heavy and superheavy. Their assortment includes manual and distance models with an electric, diesel, gasoline or hydraulic drive, each of which has its own pros and cons of. The vibration fuels have a universal sphere of application, but for soil, pillows or sand for the screed, light varieties with a weight of 75 and 200 kg, respectively, are best suited.

Vibration channels that combine the pressure of the wheels with mechanical vibration and selected primarily if necessary, tamping large areas. Their functions depend on the model, the most advanced ones can accurately process the edges and complex areas without using vibrors or plates.

The choice of the type of drive is directly affected by the conditions of work and safety requirements. In the absence of connected electric networks and a large area of ​​processing of layers of medium thickness, the optimal solution will be the use of a vibration plate with a gasoline or diesel drive. If it is necessary to compaction of the soil and sand to a depth of 1 m and similar conditions, the same vibrogram is given preference. In closed rooms (for example, in the preparation of floors for screed) or when limiting ventilation, an electrical vibrating plate or similar equipment is used.