What are the main parts of a jigsaw?

§ 16. Jigsaw sawing

Today, many people buy handmade household items that exist in a single copy. author’s work. You too can try to make for yourself and your loved ones such a product by means of sawing with a jigsaw.

Jigsawing is one of the most common types of wood craftsmanship. It consists in giving the required curvilinear shapes (sawing) to thin wood or plywood using a hand jigsaw.

The jigsaw consists of a metal frame that has screw clamps with nuts at its ends to secure the saw. a narrow thin metal strip with fine teeth. Saw blades with coarser teeth are used for woodworking and those with finer ones for metalworking.

Fig. 68. A manual jigsaw: 1. frame; 2. handle; 3. jam nuts; 4. saw

Jigsaw is firstly fixed in the lower screw clamp near the handle (fig. 69, а). Then, using the jigsaw fixture (fig. 69, b) by turning the coupling nut, bring the ends of the frame closer together and secure the other end of the saw in the upper screw clamp. After that the coupling nut is unscrewed and the fixture is removed from the jigsaw frame. Sometimes to install the saw frame is pulled down manually, leaning one end of it into the workbench lid and pushing the second end with the left hand.

Fig. 69. saw blade fastening in the jigsaw (a) and a device for fixing the frame ends (b): 1. threaded rod; 2. nut; 3. clamp

Jigsaw is fixed with its teeth tilted towards the handle.

A saw table is used for sawing with the jigsaw. which is fixed in the workbench cover with a clamping clamp.

Fig. 70. Circular sawing table: 1. workbench; 2. clamp; 3. board

Consider the jigsaw sawing technique on the example of the model airplane shown in Fig. 71.

First translate the drawing on a small sheet of plywood using a carbon copy.

Begin sawing out the details from the inner contours of the drawing (in our case this is the cockpit and the slot in the fuselage for mounting the wing). To do this, holes are drilled in the closed contours ∅ 3 mm. After that the saw blade is fixed in the lower clamp of the jigsaw, and the upper free end is inserted into one of the holes, and, having brought the frame ends together, they are fixed in the upper clamp.

Then the plywood is placed on the sawing table and while sawing it is constantly held with the left hand pressed to the table. Hold the jigsaw with the right hand on the handle and saw the workpiece along the marking, moving the jigsaw up and down smoothly and without jerks so that the saw blade is vertical all the time

Fig. 72. Sawing out the inner contour of the design

While sawing one should try not to change the position of the jigsaw blade to keep the saw constantly in the cut of the saw table. In doing so the workpiece is moved and turned, guiding it along the marking towards the teeth of the saw. If the contour to be sawed has sharp turns, then, without stopping the movements of the saw, smoothly turn the workpiece to the desired angle.

After sawing the inner contour, the nut of the upper clamp unscrew, remove the saw from the plywood workpiece, then fix it in the upper clamp again and begin sawing the outer contours.

After all the details are sawed out, the inner contours are filed with small files 2. The left hand should not be held close to the saw blade during sawing, the outer ones should be fine-toothed with a file with a fine-toothed notch. Afterwards all surfaces should be finished with a fine grit emery cloth.

After you finish sawing, if necessary you can paint or burn the wood and then varnish it.

• Securely attach saw table to workbench cover.
• Properly and securely fasten the saw blade in the jigsaw.
• Do not bend over the object while working.
• When sawing, do not keep your left hand close to the saw blade.
• When sawing, do not jerk the jigsaw and do not bend the saw blade.

Jigsawing wood components

• Prepare saw table, jigsaw with fixed saw blade, drawing, copy paper, pencil, hand drill or awl, file, files.
• Choose a plywood workpiece for the piece: model airplane. A pendant for a tear-off calendar (cf. Appendix, Fig. 174, a), the “Put a ring on your nose” game (see. Appendix, fig. 174, b) or any other item you have in mind; sand the surface with a fine grit emery cloth.
• Secure the drawing with copy paper to the surface of the plywood workpiece and copy it.
• Drill holes in the inner contours of the copied pattern.
• Sawed the inner and outer contours.
• Clean all surfaces.
• Paint the pattern, if necessary.
• Finish the surfaces of the workpiece.

Don’t forget to take a picture of the product you’ve made to put in your portfolio (see. example in the appendix).

Use the Internet to find and select the desired pattern for sawing.

§ 19. Cutting metal and plastic with a hacksaw

Cut blanks from bar stock with a metal saw The main parts of a hacksaw are a frame 2, a hacksaw blade 4 and a shank with a handle 6.

Hacksaw blade is a thin strip of tool steel with two holes at the ends. One or two edges of the blade have teeth slanted to one side. Hacksaw blade is fastened to the frame with pins 7 and tensioned with tensioning nut 1. The teeth must point in the opposite direction to the handle.

The tension of the bandsaw blade must not be too high or too low as this could cause its breakage. Similarly to joiner’s hacksaws the teeth of the hacksaw blade of the metal saw blade are slightly bent in order to reduce their friction on the walls of the kerf.

Fig. 68. Manual locksmith’s hacksaw: 1. nut; 2. frame; 3. mobile head; 4. hacksaw blade; 5. fixed head; 6. shank with handle; 7. pins

The workpiece is clamped firmly in a vice and a small cut is made in the place of cutting with a three-edged file so that the blade does not slip on its surface. Place the cutting point at a distance of 10. 15 mm from the edge of the jaws.

When working, always adopt the correct working posture and hold the hacksaw with both hands (see scraping tool). Fig. 69). When moving the hacksaw forward (forward motion) the teeth cut the metal, and when moving it backward (idle motion) they do not cut. That’s why the hacksaw must be moved with light pressure on the workpiece when it is running, and without pressure when it is idle.

Fig. 69. Working with a hacksaw: a. body position; 6. hand position

The hacksaw should be moved on the workpiece so that the entire length of the hacksaw blade is involved in the cut. In this way the wear on the blade is uniform and the blade will last longer.

It is easier to cut strip metal on the narrow side. However, the thickness of the strip must not be less than the distance between the three teeth of the blade; otherwise the teeth will break. If the thickness of the workpiece is less than this distance, it is clamped in a vise between two wooden bars and then cut together with the bars.

If the workpiece is long and the frame rests against its end, the hacksaw blade is turned by 90° against the frame and the work is continued in the anvil

Fig. 70. Cutting with the hacksaw: a. without turning the blade; b. with the blade turned by 90°

At enterprises cut bar stock using mechanical hacksaws. circular or band saws.

Fig. 71. Mechanical hacksaw: 1. frame: 2. table: 3. machine vice: 4. hacksaw blade: 5. trunk; 6. electric motor

Saw blades with fine toothing can be used to cut plastic materials such as organic glass. To avoid damaging the plastic workpiece when clamping it in a vice, clamp it between two pieces of plywood in the jaws of the vice.

• Securely clamp the workpiece in the vise.
• Work smoothly, without jerks.
• Hacksaw handle must be in good condition and fit tightly on the shank.
• When finishing cutting, release the pressure on the hacksaw and support the part of the workpiece to be cut.
• Do not sweep up metal shavings or sawdust with your hand. Use the special brush.

Cutting metal and plastic with a locksmith’s hacksaw

• As instructed by the teacher, mark out one of the blanks: screwdriver (see. Fig. 61, a), a template for controlling angles (see scroll bars), a template for controlling angles (see scroll bars) and a template for controlling angles. Fig. 61, 6), bracket (ref. Fig. 67, c), hanger (see 6, 6), and the gauge (see 6, 7). Figure. 67, d), a riveting fixture (see Fig. Fig. 62), calipers (ref. fig. 67, e), the plastic hanger-hook body (see Fig. Appendix, Fig. 115). or details of your creative project.
• Secure the workpiece in a vise.
• Cut the workpiece.
• Check the dimensions of the workpiece against the drawing.

Find online and familiarize yourself with modern universal hacksaws. Copy their images to put in the digital library of the school workshop.

§ 29. Sawing Metal

The artistic processing of sheet metal has been known since ancient times. Many museums have preserved metalwork from the ancient world and the Middle Ages. First of all, it is necessary to name the Scythian art of artistic processing of metal, dating back to the 7th-4th centuries. up to the. э. Artistic works with metal were widespread on the territory of our country as well.

The easiest technique is considered to be the technique of propylated metal (other names of this art: mitered embossing, mitered iron). In the olden days, sawn metal was used to upholster wooden chests, boxes and trunks. Strip iron was used for decorating roof overhangs, chimneys and crowning chimneys. weathervane, candlesticks, and keyhole covers.

To increase the expressiveness of propylene metal, it was sometimes covered with a colored fabric background, usually red. Sometimes this background was covered with transparent mica wafers, onto which the metal pattern was fixed. Such decorations were used, for example, by Russian craftsmen in the manufacture of the massive doors of the Assumption Cathedral in Rostov Veliky.

Sheet copper, brass, bronze, aluminum, or tinplate are used for making artwork in the sawing metal technique.

Work begins with straightening the workpiece from a sheet metal. Then the drawing is marked out. For this purpose copy paper is placed on the workpiece and the drawing of the composition is placed on top. Use a hard pencil or ballpoint pen without paste to transfer the drawing onto the plate. In order that the traces of the copier pattern will not fall off, they are carefully coated with transparent varnish. For more reliable marking the obtained mowing line is slightly outlined with a scribe.

When sawing closed contours in the metal pre-drill (drill) holes. If the size of the contours is small, they are filed (expanded) to the required size with nail files. For contours of complex shape and length a special tool is used. a jigsaw.

A metalwork jigsaw is a lightweight sabre saw with a fine saw blade The teeth of jigsaws are turned towards the handle, so the jigsaw cuts from top to bottom if the plate lies horizontally. Work techniques of the jigsaw are similar to the work techniques of the carpentry jigsaw for sawing products from plywood. When sawing out the contours in sheet metal also use the sawing table. Hold the workpiece in place with your free hand to prevent it from jumping when working. Always start sawing not from the outer contour, but from the internal elements of the design.

When sawing very thin metal (up to 1 mm) it is better to put it between two plywood boards, having fastened them together on corners, and saw all together.

After all the contours are sawed out, clean up the sharp edges with files or files and grind the surface of the article first with a coarse and then with a fine-grained emery cloth. To obtain a mirror shine, the surface is wiped with a piece of felt or cloth with abrasive paste (for example, GOI paste).

Metal surfaces can be ground and polished with colorfast chemical compounds that create films on the metal in different colors (this operation is performed only by the teacher). Finish the work by varnishing the surface.

Mount the finished pattern on the product (e.g., a casket) with small nails, which can also serve as additional decorative elements. To increase the decorative expressiveness of the design, you can lay a colored background.

• When marking out the workpiece, do not put the scriber in the s of your work clothes.
• Work with files, jigsaws only with handles that are securely fastened and in good working order.
• Securely fasten the sawing table to the workbench.
• Do not make sharp movements with a jigsaw when sawing, do not bend low over the workpiece.

Making products in the kerf metal technique

• Think over what product you would like to make (a key chain, an emblem on the album, decorative elements on leather or textile products, the latch on the keyhole, etc.).). Choose a suitable pattern from books and magazines or draw it yourself.
• Prepare sheet metal (copper, brass, aluminum, steel) for work.
• Use tracing paper to trace the contours of the pattern onto the workpiece.
• Examine the markings. Determine and mark where to drill the holes.
• Finish the inside and outside contours with appropriate tools.
• Deburr the workpiece with emery boards and emery cloth.
• Lacquer your workpiece.

New words and concepts

Sawing metal: chisel punching, punching iron; jigsaw, abrasive paste.

Unlike circular and band saws, the jigsaw saws by reciprocating motion of the cutting blade. The principle is the same as when sawing with a hand saw, two-handled or archery saw (back-and-forth or up-and-down), the differences are the size of the cutting blade and the frequency of the strokes. Handheld jigsaws have a relatively small saw blade. But it moves with great frequency, which makes sawing quite efficient.

The jigsaw has a number of advantages over other sawing tools that sometimes make it simply indispensable. Some jobs can only be done with the jigsaw. This:

• Cutting along curved lines, cutting of complex ornaments. This is an impossible task for circular saws;
• sawing out holes of big diameter. If a small one can be drilled with an ordinary drill bit, toothed drill bit or Forstner drill bit, then holes with a diameter of, for example, 10-30 cm or more are cut with an electric jigsaw;
• Cuts notches and slots in the face of a board. The circular saw blade leaves a semicircle at the end of the kerf, it does not finish sawing or goes beyond the marking. Electric jigsaw leaves a right angle, which is required for studs, grooves and other elements of the connection;
• the pivoting platform allows different sawing angles. This makes it possible to cut holes or pieces not perpendicular to the surface, but at right angles.

ALL ABOUT JIGSAW / WHAT IS A JIGSAW / HOW TO USE / JIGSAW PARTS / JIGSAW BLADES / TIPS AND TRICKS

In addition to these special tasks, the jigsaw also handles simple straight cuts along the length and width of workpieces. Can cut unedged boards, trim blanks. But here this tool is significantly losing out to others.

• To circular saws. in terms of speed and power of sawing;
• Trimmer saws. for accuracy of cut and also for speed.

This is the disadvantage of electric jigsaws in comparison with other sawing tools.

Best models ranking

According to consumer reviews, the best models are considered to be hand-held and desktop professional and household electric jigsaws.

• In the first place. the western brand DeWALT. Produces closed jigsaws with an expanded set of functions. As additional features. the presence of a protective screen, a brake and a metal soleplate. Has a considerable weight, so it is better to work on a carpentry table. Its
• In second place. a professional electric jigsaw Metabo. Equipped with a lightweight body, although it is quite heavy: its weight can be 3 kg. Sold in stores without a battery and charger kit, you will have to buy them separately. High performance, works well on horizontal surfaces, comfortable in the hand. Costs from 10000.
• Of desktop electric jigsaws. “Zubr” is considered the highest quality. It is in third place in the ranking of the best models in this range. It is versatile and easy to use. Its main feature is the availability of tensioned blade adjustment with locking. Equipped with a plastic shaft for cutters and grinding blade. Has a sawdust branch pipe and vacuum cleaner.
• DeWALT’s imported model, a domestic three swing power tool with a lightweight metal body, is in fourth place. Easy to adjust without a key, has a protective surface and brackets, well equipped. It is mains-powered, equipped with a long cable and a light.
• In fifth place is an electric German jigsaw Bosch. It is especially designed for household use, has a powerful 500 W motor, low vibration level, secure fit and light weight. Compact and multifunctional at the same time. Cuts wood and steel equally well. Additional options include a blowing phase. It is referred to as universal, works with wood and metal workpieces. There are varieties of models of this manufacturer, working on a battery with backlight. They have a set of interchangeable blades designed for different materials.
• The sixth place is occupied by the Japanese brand Makita, which features several modes of movement, has a comfortable handle covered with rubberized material. Working with this tool is a pleasure. This is a powerful and rather heavy machine, so it is convenient to work with it in the workshop. It costs 4500.
• In seventh place is a jigsaw from Ryobi. It is suitable for construction and repair work. The tool has many auxiliary functions, is relatively lightweight. Additionally equipped with a laser guide. Can be operated by mains and battery that is sold separately.
• Eighth place in the domestic tool “Interskol”. It is affordable, overload resistant, has a molded gearbox, hinged surface of the engine. Cost about 4,800.
• On the ninth line is the Russian jigsaw “Fiolent”. The tool has a beautiful design, provides convenience when working, has adjustable strokes of the cutting blade. Body is made of aluminum alloy and solid metal. Has an angular and perpendicular mode, dictating roller and side liners. Additional features include a vacuum cleaner that is connected to the jigsaw through a nozzle. It provides a clean cut and protects the craftsman from harmful dust. Additionally equipped with a ruler and overlay for work with smooth sliding surfaces. Accessories are purchased separately and are not included in the price.

The manual and mechanical jigsaw models were not included in the rating, as they have existed at all times, starting from the 16th century and, accordingly, are out of competition.

The line of popular brands has many different models of one or another manufacturer. All are designed for the general consumer, have their own features and price category. Therefore, everyone will be able to choose a tool according to their needs and tastes.

What a jigsaw consists of? Design.

The jigsaw is a multifunctional tool that can be used to make straight, angled and carved cuts. Works with common materials: metal, wood, plastic, ceramic and glass. Convenient in application, allows you to solve a wide range of both domestic and professional tasks. The device has a simple design, so you can do minor repairs yourself. Knowledge of design features will facilitate regular work with the tool, the choice of the right model.

Description and construction

From a technical point of view, a hand jigsaw is a very simple device. It consists of a metal arc, between the tips of which the cutting tool is fixed. A handle is attached to one end of this arc, which the craftsman uses to hold the device during his work. The most important element of a jigsaw is the saw blade, because its quality and sharpness determines how easy, convenient and efficient the work of the tool will be.

Unfortunately, modern saws are not of decent quality, so the experts recommend to give preference to imported, for example, very well proven products of Swedish manufacturers.

Many people wonder whether the hand jigsaw can completely replace the electric jigsaw. The answer to this is categorical. no. Both tools have nuances of use, so they should complement, but not mutually exclude each other in a home workshop. A manual device will not be able to cut through thick wood and dense metal, but his cut goes thinner and much more accurate than the one that is obtained when working with the electric modification.

It should be noted that the manual jigsaw is much cheaper than the electric one, so it is recommended to buy it for children and teenagers who are just honing their skills in sawing.

Hand jigsaws come in a wide variety: large and small, children’s, school and professional. There are models designed for sawing tiles, as well as jewelry versions. All of them differ in size, as well as in saw blade design. These days, there are quite a lot of manufacturers of jigsaws, so the tools vary greatly in price, equipment and, of course, quality. Saw blades come in different sizes and structures.

The most common are saws with a straight double tooth, as well as spiral.

The first option is optimal for making a quick and straight cut. In most models, these blades have a length of 13 cm and a working surface of 8.5 cm. Wood, plywood and also plastic could be sawn with these gadgets. Spiral blades, unlike straightened blades, are characterized by a twisted shape, so they are often used to create circular elements. thanks to the peculiar shape the saw will not get stuck in the wooden workpiece.

When performing decorative sawing requires special tools that allow you to create smooth mitered lines and curves even of microscopic size. For such manipulations it is best to use a jeweler hand jigsaw. unlike its more common counterpart used when working with wood and other sheet materials, this device is lighter and more compact.

The first jigsaws were invented in the mid-16th century.

At that time had a primitive design, consisting of U or U-shaped frame, working blade.

There was a serious drawback. to work with any material you had to adjust the voltage manually, which complicated the sawing process.

Today’s manual models do not have the same configuration, but they have elements for tensioning the saw blade (the first clamping mechanism was patented in 1876).

The jigsaw is a tool for making detailed or precise cuts in wood or other materials. It is used to make difficult cuts in wood, metal, ceramic, and composite materials. Consists of a metal frame with a mounting clamping system, a handle and a working blade. a saw blade with teeth of different length and size. Cutting blade moves only in one direction, to change the plane of the cut it is necessary to turn the workpiece or the saw blade.

Important! The jigsaw has a number of limitations. It is difficult to make straight, even straight saws, cut off parts of the workpiece at an angle of 90 º without a special guide plane.

Jigsaw is a special kind of saw designed for straight and curved cutting of products made of wood, plastic and even metal. Long, slender saw blade is its hallmark. It enables precise sawing at any angle in relation to the workpiece.

Its special design makes it easy and straightforward to work with. It is therefore frequently used for repair and construction work as well as in jewelry making.