A guide to choosing the right grinder. Wood grinder machine

What is a Floor Grinding Machine Used For?

Floor grinders are machines used by DIY enthusiasts and restoration professionals. They are most commonly used on co ncrete, hardwood, and stone floors. The machine uses rotating discs to clean, polish, smooth, or refinish floor surfaces. Abrasive pads on the bottom of the machine grind off the top surface of the floor, helping to level it or remove surface-level blemishes. Other pads can polish the surface of the floor to a high shine or help clean it. Floor grinders can help resolve certain flooring issues and create a clean, level surface that’s ready for further treatment.

How Floor Grinders Work

Floor grinding machines all work in the same basic way, though there are differences in their quality, power, and abilities. An operator either sits on or walks behind the machine while it works. They move the machine over the surface of the floor in smooth, even movements while discs on the bottom spin underneath. Each of those discs holds a pad that grinds or polishes the floor, depending on what material is used to make the pad. The number of discs on the machine will vary depending on the type of machine and the surface you are working on. There may be as few as one disc and as many as six working at the same time.

Some floor grinders work on a wet surface while others work only on dry surfaces. Either may use a vacuum for dust or water control. Operators can also use a dust skirt to help keep the dust from the grinding process to a minimum.

For most floor grinding projects, operators start with a high-grit pad and work their way down to the finest grit pad. If working on concrete or stone, when the floor is perfectly smooth and level, the polishing process can begin.

These machines are instrumental in creating beautiful, shiny, and perfectly finished floors.

What Floor Grinding Can Do for Different Flooring Types

Concrete Floors

Floor grinding is most commonly used on concrete floors. That’s partially due to the popularity of concrete flooring. There are more than 400,000 warehouses in the United States, and 20% of them have more than 100,000 square feet of space. Most of those have concrete floors and for good reason. Concrete is inexpensive, extremely durable, and it will last for a long time. So it’s a low maintenance option for warehouses, but that doesn’t mean it won’t ever need some kind of maintenance. Concrete can crack, become uneven as the building settles, and experience chips and stains from spills and accidental drops. So when a concrete floor starts to look worse for wear, it’s time to put a floor grinder to work.

Floor grinding is a great restoration option for concrete flooring because it can:

• Remove spills and stains
• Help create a smooth and level surface
• Grind off mastic, glue, or epoxy
• Polish and clean the floor
• Prepare the concrete for further treatment

Floor grinding is the ideal first step for refinishing a concrete floor. From there, the concrete can either remain as-is or treated further as you or your client desires. With the right combination of finishing techniques, floor grinding be the first step in turning a boring concrete floor into a surface that looks like wood or marble.

Hardwood Floors

Hardwood flooring is a popular choice for homeowners. The variety of wood colors, styles, and patterns make it an attractive option while also being durable. Hardwood floors are low maintenance, too, with the occasional dust and damp mop enough to keep them clean. Hardwood can take a lot of traffic and damage and still look great, but it’s not invincible. As any homeowner who has had hardwood can tell you, eventually you will need to refinish your wood floors.

With the right floor grinder accessories, you can change your concrete floor grinder into one that’s perfect for refinishing the surface of a hardwood floor. The process is primarily the same, as it involves removing the top layer of finish off of the floor to reveal bare wood underneath. Then you can treat the bare, clean wood with a new wood stain and coat of sealant.

Floor grinders are great for refinishing exterior wood surfaces, too, such as wooden decking. You can restore a wood deck much faster with a grinder. Their larger surface area helps efficiently remove the top layer of the wood so it’s ready for a fresh stain and an outdoor sealant.

Grinders are great for wood floors if you want to:

• Change the color of the stain on the floors
• Remove scratches, dents, and dings on the surface of the wood
• Remove old varnish and bring back the shine to the wood

Because floor grinders are available for rent, they make a great option for homeowners who want to restore their hardwood floors themselves. The floor grinder can cover a lot of surface in a short amount of time, greatly reducing the time (and effort) in sanding down a hardwood floor.

Stone Flooring

Stone flooring, such as marble and granite, is a popular flooring choice for both residential and commercial buildings. It’s one of the best flooring options for an office. When professionally maintained, stone flooring provides a hard-wearing surface that’s easy to care for and extremely fire resistant. Like all flooring types, though, stone floors will eventually need some maintenance. Stone floors can lose their shine as the finish wears off and high traffic areas experience years of use. They can also be a victim to accidental drops, leaving dents and damage on the surface.

Floor grinding can help restore the appearance of stone flooring by:

This is beneficial for both newly laid stone floors as well as those that have been down a long time and need refreshing. Refinishing the surface of the stone with a floor grinder is much cheaper than replacing it with new stone flooring, too, meaning an investment in a floor grinder could end up paying for itself.

Is a Floor Grinder Right for Your Next Project?

Whether you are a floor refinishing pro or a first-time DIY homeowner, restoring the look of a floor is easier when you have the right tools. If you are working on concrete, stone, or wood surfaces, then a floor grinder can be a powerful tool to help you get the best results faster. Contact Onfloor today for help selecting the right floor grinding machine and accessories for your next project.

A guide to choosing the right grinder

When it comes to horizontal grinders, operators need to do their homework to find the right product to meet their needs.

When it comes to reduction equipment, construction and demolition (CD) recyclers have a plethora to choose from. From shredders and chippers to tub and horizontal grinders, a variety of machines exist to whittle CD wood down to bits that can be turned back into useful end products.

But with so many options, including variations within each make and model of machine, choosing the right one can be complex. By evaluating the needs of an operation beforehand, though, operators can make the right choice when it comes time to purchase.

Finding the right fit

When deciding what type of reduction equipment to purchase, operators must first consider two things: the primary material going in and the ideal material coming out. Chippers and shredders are typically used in the first phase of processing, while grinders are often used to further refine material into marketable products.

“Some of the big questions operators have to ask themselves are, ‘What is 95 percent of your material going to be when you’re processing? What’s the size of it, what’s the density of it, what are the contaminants in it?’” says Jody Parker, a regional sales manager for Rotochopper, based in St. Martin, Minnesota. “And then, the secondary component to that is, what is it you’re trying to make?”

Chippers are best for quickly processing clean logs and small round wood into chips and sawdust. These are ideal for processing a steady stream of homogenous raw wood into chips for particle board, pellet fuel, paper and pulp and other applications.

Shredders are mainly used to process commingled, contaminated waste streams like municipal solid waste and synthetic materials that are difficult to break apart, like carpet. These machines are typically used to pre-process raw contaminated waste streams and often can’t produce a quality end product.

That is where grinders come in. As perhaps the most versatile piece of reduction equipment, grinders can handle a variety of materials, including logs, whole trees, brush, forestry residue, sorted pallets, waste, agricultural products and shingles. They can also create a variety of end products, including chips, colored mulch, playground cushion, fine-texture fiber and compost.

Grinders also can handle mixed CD streams with some contamination, depending on the size of their screens. Parker says when dealing with highly contaminated streams, though, they are best used in a second pass to refine material that has already been broken up. Manually picking and batch sorting methods are also effective before passing material through a grinder.

“In a grinder, you can get a really big screen just to bust the material up and try to liberate steel, even liberate rock—anything that might, with a smaller screen, roll around in the grinding chamber longer and create more damage and more wear. Anything you can do to liberate that kind of stuff is beneficial,” Parker says. “In a slow-speed shredder, pulling that material apart and really ripping out the larger pieces of steel is really helpful.”

When it comes to grinders, two main models exist on the market: tub and horizontal.

While tub grinders were once the industry standard, Lars Bergan, another regional sales manager for Rotochopper, says “you now see very few tub grinders in [the CD] space because they’re not safe.” Since the rotor is exposed at the bottom of the tub in these machines, objects are more susceptible to hurling out of the top, Bergan explains.

Horizontal grinders also have the potential to throw objects, but because the feed openings are smaller, the risk is less than that of tub grinders.

Size, weight and speed

If an operator determines that a horizontal grinder is best suited for his or her needs, the next consideration for choosing the right machine should be the size and weight of the material that will be processed.

Horizontal grinders come in sizes that vary both by their throat opening and by their overall body.

“Basically, the bigger and heavier the wood you’re grinding, the more horsepower and the bigger grinder you want to have,” Bergan says. “Volume plays a role, too. Even if you’re doing smaller material or green waste, but you need to do massive volume, then you’re still going to need a bigger machine. So, it really depends a lot on how you plan on using it.”

The right-sized grinder depends on the material being processed and where it will be placed. Before purchasing a grinder, users should consider whether it will be mobile or fixed. If it will be used in mobile applications, users should make sure it can be transported on all roads it will be trailered to; if fixed, operators need to carefully measure the space it will occupy to ensure it will fit.

“If you’re building something new and can build around the grinder you pick, all the better, but often that’s not the case and people need to fit it into a particular spot,” Bergan says.

In addition to size and weight considerations of the material that need to be assessed, it is important for users to think about the speed with which they’ll process the material. Typically, the more horsepower the machine has, the larger the rotor and powerfeed drum tend to be.

Some processors use grinders as part of a conveying system that constantly feeds material to the machine. Others use grinders only for a couple hours at the end of each day when material has been picked through and preprocessed.

“[The decision] depends not only on how much material you have, but also on how quickly you want to get the job done,” Bergan says.

Diesel vs. electric

Horizontal grinders can be powered by two sources: diesel fuel and electricity.

The more modern electric grinders offer several advantages over diesel, Bergan says.

The Beginner’s Guide to Angle Grinder | INGCO | Part1

“The advantage to electric is generally lower energy costs, they’re generally less expensive to buy, they’re much quieter and require much less maintenance,” Bergan says. “There are no radiators, no filters or oil changes—all the stuff that goes into having a diesel engine, you don’t have any of that.”

Deciding between the two can come down to where the owner intends to use the grinder. Electric machines are more easily incorporated into conveyor systems, and they don’t present indoor gas emission concerns like diesel-powered grinders do. However, diesel grinders can come in handy in certain outdoor applications. For example, in a mulch yard where wood waste processing is needed in several areas, diesel machines can be moved to different piles of debris instead of having to move the machine to one central location.

“The advantage to diesel is more mobility,” Bergan says. “You can use them in many different places, and they’re easy to move around.”

Other considerations

Along with the aforementioned considerations, several other variables exist among grinders that need to be taken into account before making a purchase.

Grinders require regular upkeep and maintenance, especially on their screens and teeth, which are susceptible to wear and tear. Discharge belts also need to remain tightened to avoid wear. Damage can be reduced by avoiding contaminants, so users should implement a comprehensive presort process, if applicable.

Cutting wood with an Makita angle grinder and saw blade

Using the different types of teeth available for grinders can also help users reduce wear, depending on the material they’re handling. Teeth come in several variations for different applications, so choosing the right ones and configuring them appropriately for the specific operation will also cut back on wear and tear.

“I think the flexibility of a grinder is what sets it apart,” Parker says. “The ability to change all those types of teeth and screen sizes so that you can create a bulkier material or a shredded material or a chipping material—it just gives people who are trying to make a different type of finished product, or who are trying to handle different types of incoming material, more options.”

This article originally ran in the September-October issue of Construction Demolition Recycling magazine. The author is the assistant editor for Construction Demolition Recycling and can be contacted at tcottom@gie.net.

Drum Wood Chipper (Horizontal)

This horizontal-fed drum wood chipper machine has the advantages of compact structure ,high efficiency, easy to operate. The main parts of this machine is rack, cutter, feed port, encloser, electronic system. In order to meet the different requirements of the paper making, fiber board, Particle board industries, the final wood chips length can be adjusted. With more than 20 years of experience, you can depend on a well-tested product that will deliver a long, economic life with low maintenance costs.

Model	Feeding Size(mm)	Number of blade (pic)	Rotated Speed (r/min)	Capacity(t/h)	Main Motor Power(kw)	Weight(kg)	Dimension(mm)
W-Drum-215	160400	2	590	3-5	4-45	2990	14701550970

Drum Wood Chipper (Horizontal)

Model	W-Drum-215	W-Drum-216	W-Drum-218
Feeding Size(mm)	160400	230590	300680
Number of blade (pic)	2	2	2
Rotated Speed (r/min)	590	590	650
Capacity(t/h)	3-5	8-10	14-18
Main Motor Power(kw)	4-45	4-55	4-110
Feeder Power(kw)	(2.2-3)2	(3-4) 2	(4-5.5) 2
Oil Pump Power(kw)	1.5	1.5	1.5
Transportation Power(kw)	3	3	4
Weight(kg)	2990	5030	7000
Dimension(mm)	14701550970	180019001210	220021501500

What Are The Parts of Wood Chipper Machine?

Wood chipper machine is a key equipment for the production of pellets, which composed of multiple components. It is mainly composed of drive system, feeding system, cutter and hammer, etc. The following figure is for reference.

Contact Us 1. Siemens Main Motor 2. Chipping General Contract 3. Feeder Main Motor 4. Feeding conveyor belt 5. Roller 6. Siemens Feed Motor 7. Siemens Discharge Motor 8. Finished Product Discharge Port

Detailed Instructions of Wood Chipper Machine

RICHI always believes that good products are one of the important indicators of corporate survival. We use high-standard materials in the production process and cooperate with internationally renowned brands to ensure that we can bring high-quality equipment to customers. The following is a detailed display of RICHI pellet machine.

• High-strength feeding toothed roller, suitable for large-size logs, improving feeding efficiency
• The main motor of the equipment uses Siemens motor, which has more stable performance and longer service life
• The feeding motors are connected to the reducer to reduce the speed of the upper and lower feeding toothed rollers
• The cutter assembly is connected to the knife roller, and the flying knife is fixed on the knife roller through a pressure block
• According to different raw materials, the upper feeding roller assembly can float up and down with the help of hydraulic system
• Both the inlet and outlet can be equipped with conveyor belts to facilitate connection to the entire production line
• The belt connection between the main motor and the cutter roller makes the speed faster and the cutting efficiency higher

Application of Drum Wood Chipper Machine

Richi drum wood chipper machine, with their large in-feed openings, lead the market and are capable of processing any waste wood product. Logs or bundles of wood with a diameter of over a meter can be reliably processed in larger wood chippers.

Contact Us

Accessories

Doing high quality products is RICHI’s long-standing commitment. We guarantee that every equipment uses high specification accessories.

SIEMENSMotor SKFBearing GrinderHammer GrinderScreen Sheet

Equipment In RICHI Workshop

Drum Wood Chipper Wood Chipper Machine Drum Wood Chipper Machine Horizontal-fed Wood Chipper Machine

Key factors for recyclers when choosing a high-speed wood waste grinder

Six models of The Beast horizontal grinders are available from Bandit Industries with engine options ranging from 300 to 1,200 HP. These plants are available on tracks and with various tooth and screen options that allow for processing everything from wood waste and roofing shingles to plastics.

Recyclers have multiple options for recovering wood waste material. Slow-speed, high-torque shredders work well in lower volume applications where the infeed may be more variable, and for clean, round wood, nothing beats a disk or drum chipper. For most large-scale wood waste recycling and composting operations, the high-speed wood waste grinder, either in a horizontal or tub configuration, remains our industry’s workhorse.

Overall, the wood waste grinding industry has become more sophisticated over the last decade. for the most part, organics recyclers no longer make decisions purely based on engine horsepower or mill opening size, and they are faced with mulitiple end-market opportunities and very tight profit margins in most cases. Today’s more sophisticated operations prioritize the tracking of fuel and wear part consumption against throughput, and many invest in asset protection plans.

Today’s high-speed grinders have adapted as recyclers and recycling markets have evolved, and can handle a very wide range of materials, including all kinds of wood. from wet and stringy to hardwood and stumps. as well as asphalt shingles, corn, hay, CD wood, plastic and food waste, just to get the list going. There are available fast-changing screens, teeth, knives and drums to easily make different products with one machine, and integrated metal sorting systems. These machines can provide the capability to simultaneously grind and colour landscape mulch, and are available with a huge range of options designed to enable recyclers to customize their grinder to their operational needs.

Beyond the initial research into available suppliers and machines, recyclers should consider factors such as the type and volume of materials expected for processing, machine safety, cost of operation, ease of maintenance, reliability, planned end-product size and production rate requirements, as well as end market demand and future growth potential.

Major factors to consider when adding a grinder to an organics recycling operation.

The DiamondZ DZT8000 Tub Grinder offers a reinforced frame design and aggressive 60-inch hammermill for increased production capacity of up to 100 tons per hour.

HOG vs. tub

The main difference between horizontal and tub grinders is that horizontals generally use a chain-based feed roller and “moving floor” to feed the hammermill, which is more complicated to maintain, but provides more consistent feed, especially for longer material such as whole trees. A tub uses gravity and a rotating, conical top-feed tub to feed the hammermill. Both types of grinders can handle most material they encounter, but in general horizontals will more easily handle longer material compared to a tub, while a tub grinder can provide more productivity for large material such as stumps and pallets. Some horizontals are also available with an angled cuttermill designed to employ gravity for better infeed.

With horizontal grinders, generally, you don’t have to size your product as much as you do with tubs. However, for many, the tub grinder is a preferred way of grinding wood waste for pure volume reduction, and to produce mulch because it “smashes” wood and produces less splinters, compared to a horizontal which basically “rips” material apart. Tub grinders are also highly productive, but slightly less complicated machines, and are easier to work on and maintain.

With respect to safety, tubs do have a reputation as a less safe option, mainly due to the fact that the grinding mechanism on a tub is exposed and there is a higher possibility of hazardous flying material being thrown from the plant. Today’s tubs (and some horizontals as well), however, are available with tub covers and full enclosures to prevent this.

Productivity and safety always comes down to operators at the end of the day. If an operator keeps a tub full, there is much less chance for dangerous flying material, as essentially the material on top stops material from the bottom of the tub, where it meets the hammermill, from flying out and causing a hazard.

Rotochopper’s FP 66 B grinder is available with RotoLink which monitors maintenance life, vibration and bearing temperatures, engine data, and production data, and allows operators to work in real time with technicians and support.

Electric power

While the latest Tier 4 technology has greatly improved overall fuel consumption for diesel-powered grinding equipment, an electric grinder produces no GHGs and will almost always offer a lower cost per ton (or cubic yard) of finished product, compared to a diesel grinder. Electric grinders are ideal for stationary applications where there is access to three-phase power, but are also available with mobility packages (including trailer mounts and electrical connections, for large site and multiple location applications).

Vermeer’s TG7000 tub grinder, available with an easy-access Duplex Drum designed to significantly reduce the maintenance time required to keep the hammermill in good working order while maintaining durability in operation.

Match the machine to the task at hand

How much material is expected to be processed per hour is a key question. The amount of material throughput per hour will impact the processing speed of an entire line. Recyclers should consider their current volumes for grinding as well as future potential volumes. A basic rule of thumb, for some, is that higher speeds are needed for higher volumes.

Where a grinder will be used should also be considered. If noise is an issue, and volume requirements are not too great, then a lower-speed, high-torque, single-shaft shredder that runs anywhere from 90 to 300 rpms, may be a better way to go. Higher speed equates to a noisier machine.

It is best to choose a grinder that works well with existing equipment and set-up. Over-sizing a grinder to match “fringe” materials that may be encountered drives up the costs of every ton or cubic yard produced. An empty grinder with the engine or motor running means an operation is grinding air.

Metal separation needs should also be considered. Nails and other scrap metal need to be removed from wood residue in order for the end product to be sellable, especially in CD and asphalt recycling applications. Knowing what percentage of separation you need will determine what kind of extraction system you need in your grinder.

The amount of separation needed will most likely be determined by the specifications of the fibre buyer or based on the end use for the processed material. Cross-belt magnetic separators are commonly used and two-stage metal separation is available, which adds a magnetic pulley head and is ideal for applications where very high purity is paramount, such as composting and fibre-to-animal-bedding.

CBI’s Magnum Force 6800CT provides a 190-degree screening area with production rates up to 200 tons an hour, and employs an offset helix rotor designed to minimize kinetic energy loss from each strike, requiring less power to rotate the drum while evenly distributing wear.

Calculate the cost per tonne

There are basically three major cost components to wood waste grinding: power, labour and ongoing operating costs. Diesel machines tend to be more expensive to run than electric, but they are usually self-contained and portable, making them a good choice for mobile applications. For energy costs, overall, electric-powered machines will cost less to run and require less downtime for routine maintenance. It should also be noted that if high volume is not a main consideration, operating cost for low-speed technology such as a shredder, is typically lower than a high-speed grinder.

When it comes to labour costs, they of course vary greatly from one region to another. Many grinders offer the flexibility to be batch-fed or integrated in-line with conveyors and other material handling equipment. A grinder designed only to be fed in batches can result in more labour costs than one that can be dump-fed or fed automatically by a conveyor. Outside of energy, operating costs for high-speed grinders comes down to reliability of the machine and the routine and preventive maintenance plans that are in place. Productivity can be as high as possible, but excess downtime will quickly eat away at profitability gains. This is where the right maintenance regimen and solid dealer support with quick parts availability become key once again.

Morbark’s 3400XT is now available with a new, patent-pending Vtection System option, which monitors rotor vibration to reduce damage from contact with unshreddable objects, or other causes of damaging vibration such as an out-of-balance rotor, broken insert, defective bearing or the grinding of extremely hard wood.

Plan for options, plan for flexibility

No matter what 2020 and the global pandemic have thrown at us, opportunities for recyclers remain healthy. Markets for wood fibre, recycled asphalt shingles (RAS) and other products that can be produced with the right grinder continue to grow and change, and the movement toward circular economies will continue to push this trend. There are solid and developing markets for coloured mulch, natural mulch, biofuel, refuse-derived-fuel, fuel pellets, compost, animal bedding and other engineered fibres, as well as hot mix asphalt supplement. all of which can be made with the right grinder.

Today’s grinders are available with a wide range of options to accommodate flexibility, including track-mounted and mobile models, integrated mulch colouring capability, metal separation, as well as quick-change drums, grinder teeth and screens designed to equip one machine for multiple applications and varying end products. For example, easy change-out chip drums for horizontal grinders are now available from some manufacturers, which enable operators to quickly and easily switch from turning wood waste to mulch, to making a uniform-sized wood chip preferred over standard grindings by wood-fuelled waste-to-energy plants and pellet mills.

Other options that can be integrated into today’s grinders include: a secondary hammermill for very fine particle sizing applications; customized infeed and outfeed set-ups, including conveyor belts, vibrating conveyors and metal separation; and high-abrasion packages for processing tough materials like asphalt shingles, CD and yard waste. In addition, the modern grinder includes sophisticated, “intelligent” machine control and monitoring systems, remote capabilities, as well as feed controls and infeed protection systems that automatically stop the machine before metal and other contaminants contact the hammermill, potentially preventing catastrophic damage.

Know your supplier

Today’s grinders can produce several hundreds of tons per hour of saleable material if all the parameters are just right. But when downtime occurs, for hard-facing, cleaning or maintenance or broken parts, production and profitability gains can be lost very quickly. All manufacturers will tell you that regular maintenance combined with consistent production is key to maintaining the highest long-term output, including a lower cost-per-tonne or cubic yard.

Most manufacturers in the industry will also tell you that support is the number one factor you want to consider prior to purchase. Parts and service can make or break a recycling business, so this has to be an initial consideration. For grinder owners and operators, parts should be available locally, or if not, should be shippable direct to the customer in one day.

Research your supplier and once decided, take advantage of the relationship on an ongoing basis. Today’s major manufacturers of horizontal and tub grinders for wood waste recycling are experts that can offer help determining what size and type of grinder will fit for an operation or application, they can help in finding end markets for products produced, they can help optimize a machine’s operation over its entire life, and they can help in obtaining financing options for an equipment purchase.

For recyclers considering a grinder purchase, especially if they don’t have a solid, positive experience with a given supplier to work from, good market research is paramount. Ask a lot of questions, ask to talk to current customers. It is the right supplier, over the long run, that will make the greatest amount of difference to your bottom line, with respect to lower downtime and lower overall cost of operation per tonne produced. RPN

This article was originally published in the April 2021 edition of Recycling Product News, Volume 29, Number 1.

Wood Hogs Grinders

WEIMA BEAVER 300 HORIZONTAL WOOD GRINDER

Horizontal waste grinder for edgings, trimmings and blocks; ideal for any shop to reduce scrap waste. Output 400-600 LBS of waste per hour.

Machine opening: 11.8″ x 4″

Rotor: “V Rotor” with 10″ diameter and 11.8″ length. Speed in turning 500-600 RPM with insert toll knives, (4) rows of indexable cutters.

Motor: 25 HP V-belt drive with soft start.

Screen size: from 1/2″ to 2″. Present screen at 3/4″ waste dimension.

Includes: 12′ WRRL 12 vibratory infeed conveyor; plug and play control panel for easy set up; 16′ cable from control panel to machine and replaceable cross bars on infeed roll.

All Information including Photos and Videos are supplied by a 3rd party Source. Please confirm all data before committing to a purchase. Subject to credit approval. Additional programs available.