How can you cut a concrete stone. Types of concreting

How to cut a concrete column with reinforcement? Foundations and concrete work. A detailed leadership

Recently in the Moscow region there has been an active replacement of the lamps that have served wooden supports with reinforced concrete pillars. This is mainly due to instructions from controlling services, where employees of the supervisory authorities record the truly deplorable state of supports from wood.

The SNT administration, in turn, change the served supports to reliable reinforced concrete electrical poles, which at the same cost have a number of positive properties. If such a lamppost is made according to GOST, the service life of the rack can reach fifty years. It is necessary to pay special attention to the price of reinforced concrete support power lines.

If the cost is average for the region, then just look at the accompanying documents or the implementation agreement. But when the price of a concrete electric pillar is much lower, such a stroke of SV is probably of low quality.

The most complete picture of quality will be shown to you directly the manufacturer. When it is necessary to buy reinforced concrete lap pillars wholesale or in a large number, probably, a common sense would conclude a direct agreement with the factory or an official dealer.

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Logistics becomes an important factor in pricing. Depending on how much the concrete electric pole will overcome from the warehouse to the installation site, it will directly hang the price of the support. Of course, it is more profitable to look for a manufacturer or seller in his region, and better the area.

By ordering reinforced concrete pillars for power lines and lamp concrete racks. You can be sure of the reliability of our product. The company “BAZ FUNTH” collaborates with the largest manufacturers of reinforced concrete products in Moscow and the Moscow Region. Own warehouse sites in different areas of the region allow saving the money of our customers on logistics, optimizing delivery.

In addition to the fourth support of SV supports, we produce and sell:

Secondly-airfield slabs PAG.

Thirdly-FBS blocks of all running sizes.

Diamond detachment disk. Cut a stone with a bang.

We continue to deal with the instrument and equipment and today I will tell you why you need a diamond detachment disk, what kinds there are, go through and manufacturers to know which discs to buy. I hope each of you has a grinder-an indispensable tool for most works, where you need to cut off or grind something. In this article we will analyze the disks for the grinder, because the stone at home can only be cut into a grinder.

Many mistakenly believe that since the disk is diamond, then they can cut anything at all and nothing will be done to him. This opinion is fundamentally true, first of all, such a disk is designed for stone cutting. Brick (silicate and red), concrete, marble, granite, slate, paving stones, tile and porcelain tiles. Of course, there are professional expensive circles in reinforced concrete, which cut concrete with reinforcement inside like clockwork, but they are very expensive, in my next articles I will definitely tell you about them.

So, an ordinary diamond detachment disk for a grinder is only for a stone. In size, I think, you can not say, you certainly know that cutting circles are 115 mm, 125 mm, 150, 180, 200 and 230 mm. The average dimensions are also rare, most often in the people of the Bulgarians at 115-125 mm-small Ushm and 230 mm-a large Bulgarian. So, what types of diamond cutting circles are there, let’s figure it out, otherwise many, wanting to buy a diamond disk, do not even know which ones they need and at all that they can cut. We will carry out a educational program)) for everyday use in everyday life, a segment diamond disk (for dry cutting) is perfect. In the photo below you can see how it looks.

Segment diamond disk. For dry cutting

The disk is made in the form of segments around the circle, this is necessary to cool the disk. Remember once and for all. The diamond disk needs to be cooled, only then it will last a long time faithfully and true. And then many buy a disk for dry cutting and saw them a continuous line in concrete for 10 minutes without stopping. This is a gross violation of the rules of operation of the diamond disk, if they constantly saw for at least 3 minutes, then diamonds will instantly become unusable. Therefore, try not to cut continuously for more than 2 minutes, and even better no more than 1 minute. Drank 30 seconds. Took out a disc from a cut, waited for it to stop, then saw again.

Any brick disk for dry cutting can be sawed (white, red, chamotis), slate, paving stones, asphalt, marble, granite (I immediately note that a natural stone must be sawed with special circles, but as an option you can cut it, if not constantly). Also, with a certain share of dexterity, with a segmented diamond disk, you can cut tiles, although there are special cutting diamond discs for tiles. Continuous for wet cut. The segment disk is not very suitable for cutting tiles, it jumps on it because of its segments. For tiles you need a continuous circle.

The second most popular disk is combined, “turbo”. As you can see in the photo below, it is continuous, but cooling occurs due to the wave.Like performance. They can saw any stone, such a disc is more universal, but it costs more expensive than the segmented. Such a disk cuts tiles at all without chips, even dry. It is also convenient for them to saw brick and any other stone.

Since we are considering cutting diamond discs for home use, I will not tell you about expensive, super mega high.Quality professional circles, we will analyze inexpensive home discs. After all, many buy them for only once, and then it lies idle on a shelf in the garage. Why pay a lot of money if you just need to cut off a couple of times. Therefore, we will save our funds.

Of the best-selling and popular household diamond circles, I will note the “bison”, we generally switched to them, because they are completely in the price-quality category, the moderately expensive and the quality is very worthy. Also good circles of Sparta and Matrix are well.Known household brands, inexpensive, for the home.

They often ask me. Is it possible to saw iron with a diamond circle?

I answer. You can, I saw it myself, but only when the diamond disk was not mine, but the employer)) If I bought the disk for myself, then I would not cut iron, since the diamonds of the cutting disk are very much clogged with iron dust, much faster than stone. And in general, in the instructions of some models it is written in black and white. Not to cut metal! Of course, if the situation has developed that it is necessary to cut off the reinforcement, and the cutting disk for metal is not at hand, then you can make a couple of cuts with a diamond circle, but nothing more.

Is it worth buying a cutting diamond disk when you can buy ordinary stone?

There are also appeals with this question. I answer. It all depends on what you plan to cut and in what volumes. Sukhores discs on stone (meadows-green), there are a penny-35 rubles, but they simply chicly cut silicate brick (white) and marble. Cut off just like oil. Therefore, my opinion is that for cutting white bricks you should not buy a diamond disk. On the other hand, if you plan a lot to cut, then it is definitely better to buy diamond. Save, because it is simply indestructible, and simple dry cutter is growing up (if you did not know)). If you need to cut red brick. It is very strong, simple circles on the stone on it are burning instantly, as well as on concrete, so there is one option. To buy a diamond disk, preferably a segment.

Dry cut (segment) of the company “Zubr” 115 mm. 130 rubles 125 mm. 170 rubles 230 mm. 550 rubles

115 mm. 170 rubles. 125 mm. 200 rubles. 230 mm. 650 rub.

If you carefully relate to the cutting diamond disk, then it will last a very long time, especially when used at home.

Industrial cutting

In industry, stone cutting is carried out on large and powerful machines. They can work with large and durable stones.

• Disk. Divided into standard disk, cutting and diamond-disc. Typically, discs in diameter are less than those used at home.
• Rope. Several ropes are stretched on the machine, which include diamonds or abrasives. They cut a stone, and cut several plates with even and smooth edges at once.

Both methods allow you to cut a solid stone of any size. At home, they, for obvious reasons, are not used.

Ultrasonic machines can also be used in industry. The principle of operation is completely different from the above. Cutting is carried out using ultrasound energy. It does not require sharpening or replacing tools, does not leave dust, does not emit smoke. Some ultrasound devices can be heard, when working with them it is worth taking measures.

You can in the video in the video

How to prick a stone correctly

For Kolka Stone, it is better to choose a cool period of the day and time when you are still full of strength and energy. Early morning is perfect for this work, immediately after dawn. You should also prepare the stones that will need to be split in advance. Better take with a margin, so that then not to wear them tired.

Before you break the stone, decide what sizes you need. Conditionally, all stones are divided into medium and small. The sizes of which are 15-30 cm, and less than 15 cm include stones in the middle fraction. If the masonry is performed using large blocks, then the conditional dimensions will increase, and their ratio will change.

Before splitting a stone at home, you should take care of overalls, namely:

• Face and eyes should be protected with special glasses, shields or other available means.
• The fabric of working clothes should be breathing and durable. Sleeves and long trousers seem uncomfortable in hot weather, but any fabric will protect the skin from cuts with sharp fragments.
• Choose shoes stable, not sliding and in size. Not cramped and not too spacious. Shoe material depends on the weather.
• To protect your hands from rubbish, use mittens of breathable, durable, not slippery materials.

The stone must be installed in such a way as to exclude its rotation during a blow. The easiest way to dig a hole in the ground. If the working surface is solid (asphalt, concrete), then it is better to put a rubberized rug or other shock.Absorbing object.

The main tool for cracking stones is the sharp.Skinned sledgehammer. Both of its ends are used: they hit with a sharp end to form cracks, and stupid. They break the stone along the line of crack.

Mastering the work with a sledgehammer, you need to adapt to the tool. Do not strike at full force: this is how the risk of injuries increases. The most effective are usually blows from top to bottom. When the sledgehammer approaches the stone, you need to raise the handle a little. Thus, you can increase the force of impact.

It is important that the sharp.Skinned part is not turned sideways. When the sledgehammer is hit, slightly twists around its axis. If this is not taken into account, the tool may break out of the hands.

The stone is located perpendicular to the impact line, otherwise the sledgehammer will slip, and the fragments will fly in an unpredictable direction. In addition, it is so easy to injure the leg.

Straight back during work is very important. So the spine is less tired, the load on the muscles of the arms and shoulders decreases, the risk of injuries is reduced.

Work techniques are mastered in practice, automatism and high speed come with experience.

How to cut a concrete border

Garden borders produced in factories have a length of one meter. In the markets, you can find half a meter borders, but usually the quality of borders made in the garages leaves much to be desired, since the amount of cement in them is minimal and such a border will begin to crumble after 2-3 years.

The installation of concrete borders is not complete without the need to cut them. This is necessary to obtain the curb of the necessary length or with the height drops necessary for the extension and when the site is irregular. With the right approach, the cut of the curb becomes a very simple task.

To begin with, we will need an angle grinding machine (grinder) and a concrete disk. Do not try to use metal disks, they will not be able to cut concrete. In stores they sell both ordinary concrete disks and diamond. Diamonds will last longer, but it is much more difficult to saw them than usual. Also, diamond discs with perpendicular cuts are prone to “snacking”, which leads to an overlapping tightening of the nut of a grinding machine and remove such a diamond disk will be much more difficult.

Snock on a curb on both sides The line saw a graphite pencil.

Stand so that the wind blew on you, then all the dust will not fly into your face.

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Sprinkle on each side of the border 1 slot.5-2 centimeters. There is no need to saw the whole border. Firstly, you will less often change the detachment disc, secondly, there will be less dust.

Put it under the part that there is more a piece of iron. Any flat scrap metal is suitable.

If you drank grooves from all sides, then the edges of the border will be neat enough so as not to resort to their processing with a grinding machine. The border is ready to install.

Pay attention to the correct installation of the border and paths. Be sure to remove the vegetable soil, put geotextiles, organize a sand pillow and compact it. It is also recommended to install borders in a concrete castle.

How can you replace a concrete border. In gardening, more economical options are often used: a curb of a profiled sheet chopped by stripes, a wooden curb, a ready.Made border plastic tape.

Determination of the type of concrete

Before you cut concrete with a grinder, you need to determine what type of it you are dealing with. This is due to the fact that for each type of material different types of diamond discs are used. For example, it can be reinforced with metal rods (reinforced concrete).

If the cut depth is about 10 centimeters and deeper, then on the “Your Way” you can stumble upon a metal lattice (reinforcing cage). As mentioned above, there are special discs for these purposes.

In addition, it should be borne in mind that over time the structure of the material is changing. Fresh concrete is more abrasive, while the old one is more solid. For this reason, diamond discs for old and fresh material should be different.

Scheme of reinforced concrete

If you have time, you can study the structure of the material in more detail, which will allow you to choose the most suitable tool for it. For example, if the composition contains basalt or quartz, then it will quickly dull the circle. Therefore, diamond segments should be connected by soft material so that the new diamonds are “opened” fasterly.

It should also be borne in mind that the size of the filler affects the speed of cutting. The larger it is, the more slowly the procedure.

Advice! Diamond tool is used not only for cutting, but also other concrete processing. In particular, diamond drilling of holes in concrete or grinding with diamond shutters is often used.

In the photo. A diamond circle with laser ration

How to break a concrete block. Various options

During the construction work, it becomes necessary to break the design of concrete material that has served all terms, which is a strong material. Its main purpose is to keep the whole structure on itself. For this reason, they often ask a question. How to break the concrete unit. And for this there are several ways.

Blocks

For the manufacture of such elements, different types of concrete material are used:

Wall block elements used to arrange basements are divided into several groups:

• Continuous;
• Block elements with cuts for pipes and jumpers at the basement ceiling, in the walls or above the surface of the floor;
• Hollow elements. Four sections of voids throughout the block, with an open bottom.

Ways of destruction

To know how to destroy a concrete block with your own hands, study the methods that exist for this.

Apply a sledgehammer

This is an easy way to destroy small structures in size, for which a sledgehammer is used. The speed of work in such a situation will depend only on the physical data of a person. If they are small, then you will need to spend strength and time for this work.

To lower the concrete strength, the element in certain places is drilled with a perforator. After that, breaking the block becomes much easier.

It is accepted that a sledgehammer can be broken by a reinforced concrete slab. Do I need to spend strength when there are other, easier options?

We use powder

How to split a concrete block with your own hands, using a powder for this?

Often for such purposes they use special powder compositions, which are explosion.Proof and non.Combustible means. Demand for this material is explained by the fact that in the process of destructive work there is no much garbage, there is no excessive noise that can be created by an explosion.

Most often use the NRS-1 powder, which has a high indicator of destructive force.

Using the powder composition simply. First in the concrete structure that should be broken, holes are drilled. After that, a mixture made of water and a chemical sulfill is poured into them. The diameter of each hole is about eight centimeters.

The gaps between the bookmarks of the “charges” should be arranged in steps about fifty.Six centimeters. The flooded substance crystallizes and has a destructive effect on the concrete composition. For the process to finally end, you will have to wait a couple of days. After that, at the construction site you will find pieces of scrap, which can be easily exported and disposed of.

Acid composition

How to break a concrete block using acid for this? Everyone knows that these compositions on concrete have a detrimental effect. Because of this, to break old concrete, an acid mixture is often used, simply dissolving it.

When there is a need to remove a small amount of concrete from the surface, it is simply watered with caustic fluid. For example, it can be a salt acid composition. It is necessary to work carefully so as not to get burns and not damage to surrounding objects.

In pure form, acid is rarely used. As a rule, special mixtures are prepared from it.

With the help of cooked liquids, concrete products are dissolved, a brick wall is cleaned of the remains of the material. For the preparation of the mixture, concentrated acids and inhibitor additives are used. The latter are needed so that nothing to damage except concrete. Imagine that you have to clean the concrete mixer. The mixture is able to penetrate the material and destroy it in such a way that it will soon turn into dust, easily removed by a simple brush. If the first processing of the result did not give, the acid composition is re.Applied.

We destroy reinforced concrete

How to break reinforced concrete blocks with your own hands? Such concrete elements differ from the usual special level of strength. With the help of a perforator, it is not possible to arrange a hole in the block. This will require special equipment in the form of a powerful drill that has a diamond nozzle.

With the help of such a drill, holes are arranged at different angles. The methods indicated above are not even able to create competition of diamond cutting, because the drill will not become a high level of strength of an obstacle. Any surface will be cut.

If necessary, cutting a concrete block that differs in large sizes, use a special machine with a diamond rope. A specialist is capable of managing such an unit, since the process causes certain difficulties.

The destructive principle lies in the fact that the sawing structure is wrapped with a rope and the cutting process that occurs under the influence of a hydraulic pressure pressure begins. The speed of cutting depends on the strength of the block. In more difficult situations, about two meters of concrete are cut for one hour. When the usual blocks are destroyed, there are no difficulties, the process is five times more prompt.

As a rule, the machine is used if it is necessary to cut concrete, the thickness of which does not exceed one meter.

Using this method, it is recommended to comply with certain requirements:

• Installation quickly heats up from continuous operation, it should be continuously cooling. For this purpose, source with cool water should be located in the immediate vicinity of the site. This liquid is simultaneously protection for a diamond coating, protects it from destruction, eliminates excess dust that accumulates at the time of the work process.
• It is necessary to supply voltage into three phases in uninterrupted mode so that the machine for cutting concrete blocks can function.

A few more options

There are no such tools with which you can cut the block at a time. Therefore, to cut the design, they often use the following technology:

• The element is installed on a strong base;
• They cling to the block to the mounting loop and the tap is lifted by a dozen centimeters;
• The desired length is marked with roulette;
• A steel crowbar or metal corner is laid in this place;
• The sling is turned close to the edge of the stove from a smaller side;
• At a certain height, the sling breaks, the block falls and pricks in the intended place.

Cutting concrete with a grinder. The choice of tools and features of working with it

Today it is difficult to imagine the work of locksmiths or builders, repairmen and other similar professions without a grinder. It is actively used in cutting, cutting and grinding of various materials.

With an increase in the number of nozzles, its functions become more diverse. The article offers to get to know how the concrete cutting is performed with a grinder, and its features.

Conclusion

Cutting concrete blocks It may be necessary when the construction of unfortunate blocks are needed during construction. This often happens during the laying of the corners, when the cracks form between the material.

You can cut a stone manually. With the help of a grinder, a split with wedges or shplints, as well as using the use of specialized technology. Compliance with the rules of cutting and the nuances of the material will help make a smooth and beautiful cut without further surface correction.

Than cut a natural stone. The choice of technology

In the age of steel, glass, concrete and composite materials, it would seem, absurdly talk about the use of natural stone both in industrial and in any other scale. However, market reality easily refutes such assumptions. A person’s eternal craving for beautiful and durable, and nature generously endowed natural stones with these advantages, not only preserved, but also significantly increased the demand for materials and products made from them.

Today, when Buy granite, Marble, onyx and other materials are not difficult, the quality of their processing is released on the agenda. The manufacture of popular products such as kitchen countertops, window sills, staircases, the basis for which serves Granite plate, requires the use of modern technologies for cutting and processing stone.

Instruments

So, to perform this operation, first of all, you will need an angular grinding machine for concrete, which is popularly called a grinder. As a nozzle, it is necessary to use a special diamond circle on concrete for a grinder.

I must say that they exist several types:

Segment circles are not the best solution, since certain problems may arise during cutting, which is associated with the segmented edges.But, but the advantage is a low price compared to other types of nozzles.

Turbbo-almas discs with a wave case will make cutting with the highest load, for example, when it is necessary to cut reinforced concrete. Of course, this type of nozzle is the most expensive.

Star of stone

They resort to it when it does not work out in standard ways to make a stop. Most often, the pile is used on the side of the split of the stone, where unnecessary ledges are often obtained. To make a tune, blows on the cobblestone are applied with a hammer or a cesovic.

Blows should be slight and should be carried out next to each other. As a result, the large stone does not break off, but begins to crumble, and each blow to the cringing area creates many small cracks.

To make a high.Quality push, you will need dozens, or maybe hundreds of strokes. But after such careful work, the stone perfectly rises into the prepared place for him.

It is better to produce a tune on the ground, holding the cobblestone with a hand. A large cobblestone can be put directly on the ground, and the small one can enter it, so it is better to put something solid under it.

If you need to make a recess in stone, then it is best to use the chisel. Blows also need to be made close to each other (within a centimeter), and their strength should be regulated by the mason, depending on the properties of the cobblestone. Its size, hardness and structure.

Of course, such a job will take much more time compared to the stoppage, but, but, as a result of the pelvis, you can get an almost perfectly flat surface.

With any work with a stone, and especially, with its prying, you need to think about measures of protection. Be sure to use an individual face protection mask, as well as gloves.

Features of cutting

Cutting paving slabs is a processing of a concrete block with the addition of granite crushed stone with a thickness of about 2-8 cm. You can cut them in different directions: along, across and diagonally. If necessary, figured cutting is also possible. When cutting, it should be borne in mind that concrete has a dense structure due to the features of manufacture (the main method of production is vibration pressing) and the material itself (the filler is added to the raw materials, which can be granite gravel). The entire cutting process can be conditionally divided into 3 stages:

The volume of work and their complexity depends on the shape of the tile, the formed pattern. When using a square or rectangular paving stones in most cases, only transverse cutting is required, which simplifies work. Difficulties can occur when forming an ornament or when using tiles of different colors. In such cases, clarity should be maximum, which means that you need to correctly make both calculations and markings.

Is it possible to cut concrete without noise and dust?

Modern equipment allows you to quickly and gently cut almost any concrete structures into “stars”. These are special manual or stationary electric machines equipped with diamond tools: disks, chains and crowns.

• Is there a technology for cutting concrete without noise and dust?
• Concrete cutting with a hand tool
• Cutting concrete with anxure machines
• Cutting concrete with whines
• Cutting concrete with ropes
• It is important to know!

Is there a technology for cutting concrete without noise and dust?

Silently cutting concrete is the marketing course of construction companies. Over, in addition to noise and dust, some types of concrete cutting are also accompanied by water, which cools the cutting tool from overheating.

Cutting concrete, as well as cutting any solid materials, is a mechanical effect of a rotating tool. When cutting concrete, there is no shock noise, but there is a noise created by electric motors of the instrument drive and noise from the very tool that cuts out the groove in concrete and cuts the reinforcing rods.

Concrete cutting by default is divided into “manual”, “machine”, “dry” (without cooling the water of the tool) and “wet” (with cooling with water of the tool). Regardless of the cutting technology, the work is accompanied by a significant extraction of dust, the noise of the dismantled pieces of concrete and the noise of the disc, the crown or the cutting chain.

Thus, Cutting concrete without noise and dust existing equipment and tools. It is impossible! It also applies to concrete drilling.

• Diamond cutting of walls and partitions with a hand tool:
• Diamond cutting by a stationary.Cutting machine;
• Diamond cutting with whines;
• Cutting with a rope.

Concrete cutting with a hand tool

• Absence or minimum water consumption;
• Small energy consumption;
• It requires the presence of an alternating current network with a voltage of 220 V and the ability to fill with water with a capacity of 15 liters;
• Scope-easily reinforced load-bearing walls and partitions with a thickness of 70-400 millimeters.

Cutting concrete with anxure machines

• Diamond cutting with a steno.Cutting machine is characterized by high performance and significant cut depth, therefore it is recommended for industrial cutting of openings, hatches and other elements in heavily reinforced monolithic concrete structures: walls, partitions and floor slabs in a short time;
• Unilateral free access is required from 300-350 millimeters;
• Given the high consumption of cooling water (10-15 l/min), it is necessary to quickly replenish its water reserves (connection to the water supply);
• It is possible to collect the spent water with a regular vacuum cleaner;
• A network of alternating current with a voltage of 380V and a capacity of 32A is required.

Cutting concrete with whines

• Two types of powerful, productive equipment are used: electric and gasoline. The second type is characterized as “energy.Dependent”, therefore, it is usually used where there is no alternating current network: in open areas, in the field and for cutting deformation seams in asphalt concrete coating of highways and sidewalks;
• The supply of cooling water under excess pressure is required;
• It is necessary to provide for the possibility of supply and exhaust ventilation of closed premises (for gasoline devices);
• It is necessary to connect a 380V with a voltage of 380V (for electrical equipment).

Cutting concrete with ropes

• With the help of a special rope with diamond crowns and the drive, you can cut concrete structures without limiting the thickness, including cutting concrete columns;
• 380V network is required and running water supply under excess pressure;
• The cost of the work is affected by: the thickness of the structure, the type of building material and the type of opening (opening).
• A minimum noise level is created, a minimum amount of dust is formed;
• Cutting with a rope is characterized as high.Speed cutting of the opening with perfectly even edges of any configuration, including in conditions of a limited approach.

It is important to know!

• Due to the danger of flooding of the lower floors, the cutting of concrete is not used or very limited or very limited in multi-storey panel houses, as well as in conditions of limited space and with small volumes of cutting;
• You can reduce the noise load on neighbors by cutting openings in parts. For a standard opening, this is at least 6 parts. At the same time, it is necessary to know that in this case the cost of work increases sharply and is directly dependent on the number of carved pieces of concrete;
• Any openings and holes in the supporting structures should be performed by certified companies consisting in the ranks of self.Regulatory organizations;

To legalize the openings and hatches in the bearing walls, you will need to submit to the state bodies of Russia, the following documents: an agreement on work, a copy of the allowance of the SRO, an act of hidden work strengthening the design, an extract from the journal of work, a state act drawn up in the prescribed manner by a contractor organization.

Than cut a natural stone. The choice of technology

In the age of steel, glass, concrete and composite materials, it would seem, absurdly talk about the use of natural stone both in industrial and in any other scale. However, market reality easily refutes such assumptions. A person’s eternal craving for beautiful and durable, and nature generously endowed natural stones with these advantages, not only preserved, but also significantly increased the demand for materials and products made from them.

Today, when Buy granite, Marble, onyx and other materials are not difficult, the quality of their processing is released on the agenda. The manufacture of popular products such as kitchen countertops, window sills, staircases, the basis for which serves Granite plate, requires the use of modern technologies for cutting and processing stone.

Technology

A relatively new technology, the widespread use of which is directly related to the invention in the 50s of the last century of the method of obtaining artificial diamonds, and later methods of applying them to the cutting tool. In machines designed for sawing natural stone, two types of saws are used:

• Direct (longitudinal). Produced from alloy steel, working length 2.6. 4.5 m, thickness from 4 to 6 mm, cutting diamond elements (segments) are attacked on a bearing canvas, cutting speed. Within 25. 50 cm per hour. They cut large.Sized slabs and Gabbro blocks, granite and other solid breeds;
• Disk. Are a steel disk with a continuous or segmented cutting edge, sizes from a few centimeters to 2.5. 3.0 meters, large.Sized diamond segments are subject to replacement, are used both in industrial and in small.Scale production (Gabbro diabase paving stones, paving slabs, Facade slabs made of granite).

The use of diamond cutting technology significantly reduces electricity costs, increases the speed and performance of the process.

It is an improved and improved version of the well.Known technology of hydraulic cutting used in the coal industry from the 30s of the last century. The main difference and actually the idea of ​​invention is the use of the energy of a water jet mixed under high pressure with abrasive finely dispersed powder. Thin, less than 1 mm in diameter, accelerated to supersonic speeds, such a stream can easily cut materials of any hardness. Metal, plastic, granite, Concrete, ceramics, Gabbro Diabaz.

Machine machines implementing the GA technology are produced with manual and numerical control, and the latter significantly increase the quality and accuracy of cutting. Consumables are abrasive (pomegranate) sand that has been cleaned and prepared with water, interchangeable nozzles for the supply of an abrasive mixture and sealing gaskets of the pumping station.

One of the advanced technologies based on the use of the properties of ionization of inert gases at high temperatures (about 5000 O C) and turning them into low.Temperature plasma (up to 30,000 o). Plasma cutting devices (plasmotrons) use an electric arc through plasma through which gas is missed. Coming from the nozzle at a speed of about 1500 m/s, a narrow plasma stream almost instantly melts the material at the point of exposure, which allows you to cut stone, metal and other materials at high speed.

The technology is similar to the plasma harsh in the part of the use of high temperature for through burning of the stone, the differences are in the methods of obtaining such a temperature. In this case, the energy of the laser beam is used, which with high accuracy carries out the heating of a very small area, which leads to the evaporation of the material and the formation of the cut. Laser cutting devices allow you to adjust the beam power selecting it taking into account the properties of a particular material.

Advantages

As can be seen from the description, each of the technology allows you to perform the task of cutting durable and super.Strength materials. To understand and make the right choice, you should familiarize yourself with the advantages and disadvantages of each of them. Let’s start with the advantages:

• Good quality of the cut. Due to the high cutting speed;
• Great cutting depth. When using diamond ropes, almost unlimited;
• Efficiency. Due to the use of multi.Pound machines, the possibility of replacing worn diamond segments instead of a complete replacement of discs or a blade of straight saws;
• Economicity. Due to the affordable cost of the main component (technical diamonds), made technologies for the manufacture of cutting segments and a long period of their operation.

• Lack of heating of the stone. There is no heat release;
• Arbitrary shape of the cut. With a sharp control;
• Very high accuracy. Due to the small thickness of the jet and the absence of chips when cutting;
• Finished products do not require additional processing.

• Lack of restrictions on the types of materials for cutting;
• High cutting speed (up to 7 m/min);
• Minimum waste;
• Compactness of cutting devices (plasmotrons).

• Precision accuracy of cutting;
• The possibility of cutting materials of low thickness;
• Cutting products of arbitrary shape;
• Limited thermal exposure zone;
• Minimum material losses,

Disadvantages

Almost every technology has its drawbacks, which must be taken into account both when purchasing equipment and when placing orders for sawing.

• Limiting the shape of the cut with a straight line;
• Limited accuracy of cutting;
• The need for additional processing of products;
• The possibility of the formation of chips and cracks during cutting;

• High level of initial investment in equipment;
• Low cutting speed (especially if the high quality of the cut is necessary);
• Operational costs. Frequent replacement of the nozzle (sapphire or diamond), abrasive consumption (pomegranate powder), drainage;
• Manifestation of the cone of the cut. Requires the installation of an additional automation unit for compensation.

Wall decoration technology with stone inside the house

The wall decoration with a stone in most cases consists of several simple procedures, independently following each other. And this does not depend on whether the material is used or artificial. In the latter case, simply mechanical processing is very difficult. DIY artificial decorative stone is relatively simply cut into parts. Today we will consider the technology of how wall decoration is carried out.

Phased process of laying decorative stone

The stages of work are usually as follows:

• The wall, first of all, is cleaned of any construction waste, if necessary, is aligned and necessarily primed. This is called the stage of preparation.
• Then the fitting is made. If the stone is artificial, then its shape is usually quite correct. It remains to decide whether to put the tiles back or with the cutting of the seams. Very often this is already discussing the instruction. That is, there are varieties of decorative stone designed for styling close, and those where it is necessary to cut the seams. It is much more difficult to work with natural material. In this case, you will need to purchase a diamond disk for sawing work. During the cutting of stone, a lot of fine dust rises into the air. Given the latest data from scientists, we would recommend using a respirator. In general, a professional tool has a bell on its casing, through which the dust is sucked with a vacuum cleaner.

How to mark the wall correctly

Marking usually helps to try on. Artificial stone for the most part resembles a flat brick. Therefore, the seams are laid down, that is, vertical joints are shifted relative to each other. Marking is carried out immediately taking into account the thickness of the seams. How to do it right? For laying decorative stone on sale, there are special spacer wedges made of plastic or wood. This is an analogue of crosses for ceramic tiles. The difference is that the thickness of the seams in our case is much larger.

Since each tile has strictly defined dimensions, we can freely postpone risks on the wall. And the thickness of the seam is taken into account using a spacer element. Due to which the correct mesh from the lines is formed. Walls have a variety of sizes. Therefore, after the marking, it becomes clear whether it is possible to realize the selected structure. Which is not always obvious. Suppose, it turned out that at the end of the wall we need to cut off literally a centimeter from the tile. It looks good on paper, but in practice, such a piece will look quite sparingly, and it will be difficult to form it with the help of a grinder.

In this case, all lines are transferred a little back. A few centimeters. So that instead of small pruning, a decent sizes are a piece. At the same time, it turns out that if in the initial version we begin laying from whole tiles, then in this case only some part of it will lie at the start. In general, you need to achieve a good visual effect of proper marking of the wall. Only after that the styling begins.

How to cut a decorative stone correctly

The artificial stone is mostly made of cement and sand, so it does not differ in much hardness. In light of this, you can cut it practically anything. For example, it can be:

To get an even cut, a piece of decorative stone is in advance. If you need to get a mowed or uneven form of a random.Type frame, then an ordinary knife is used. The stone layer by layer is simply scraped off. Such artificial negligence in many cases looks beautiful. The stone is laid not across the wall but small islands. For example, in the area of ​​corners and Windows. Such wall decoration with artificial stone gives the impression of ruins.

But in most cases, the line in natural stone needs to be performed strictly according to some drawing. The easiest way for this is for a regular hacksaw to buy a cable for cutting tiles instead of a canvas. In this case, it will be possible not only to manually figure out the edges, but also cut the hole of any template in the center. Suppose if wall decoration in the kitchen is a stone, you will probably need to leave a place for plumbing communications. In this case, the artificial stone breaks through with a thin drill through, a cable for cutting is passed there, after which the saw is fixed at the village of saw, and the process begins.

There are other options. For example, an electrician allows you to perform the same work in a similar way. But all efforts take over the tension on the network. It is clear that this option is more suitable if the volume of work is large enough. Please note that the surface of the stone is not very flat. Therefore, it is difficult to accurately drill it in place. The drill will slip into the recesses. So that this does not happen, you can stick a masking tape on the surface. Marking is made in the necessary way, after which the material can be relatively easy to drill.

How to lay a decorative stone correctly

Decoration of internal walls with a decorative stone can be carried out in several ways. The most common of them is the application of glue to the back of each tile. This method is convenient in that without problems it allows you to use the marked marking in advance. That is, each piece is adjusted in the place according to the lines drawn. This is very convenient, because it allows you to do even without wedges. If it is clear where to put the tile, there is no need to use any additional means.

In this case, very deep seams are obtained. Therefore, such wall decoration options go well with a packet for grouting. But the wipe will be more difficult to operate with a trowel. The process looks completely different when the glue is applied to the wall. In this case, the total amount of grouting is reduced, but then you will probably need a wedge to withstand the same suture size.